Learning to Cycle: A Cross-Cultural and Cross-Generational Comparison
BackgroundLearning to cycle is an important milestone for children, but the popularity of cycling and the environmental factors that promote the development and practice of this foundational movement skill vary among cultures and across time. This present study aimed to investigate if country of res...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.861390/full |
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| author | Rita Cordovil Cristiana Mercê Cristiana Mercê Marco Branco Marco Branco Frederico Lopes David Catela Elina Hasanen Arto Laukkanen Patrizia Tortella Guido Fumagalli Cristina Sá Boris Jidovtseff Linus Zeuwts An De Meester Farid Bardid Ricardo Fujikawa Sanne Veldman Sanne Veldman Silvija Zlatar Isaac Estevan |
| author_facet | Rita Cordovil Cristiana Mercê Cristiana Mercê Marco Branco Marco Branco Frederico Lopes David Catela Elina Hasanen Arto Laukkanen Patrizia Tortella Guido Fumagalli Cristina Sá Boris Jidovtseff Linus Zeuwts An De Meester Farid Bardid Ricardo Fujikawa Sanne Veldman Sanne Veldman Silvija Zlatar Isaac Estevan |
| author_sort | Rita Cordovil |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundLearning to cycle is an important milestone for children, but the popularity of cycling and the environmental factors that promote the development and practice of this foundational movement skill vary among cultures and across time. This present study aimed to investigate if country of residence and the generation in which a person was born influence the age at which people learn to cycle.MethodsData were collected through an online survey between November 2019 and December 2020. For this study, a total of 9,589 responses were obtained for adults (self-report) and children (parental report) living in 10 countries (Portugal, Italy, Brazil, Finland, Spain, Belgium, United Kingdom, Mexico, Croatia, and the Netherlands). Participants were grouped according to their year of birth with 20-year periods approximately corresponding to 3 generations: 1960–79 (generation X; n = 2,214); 1980–99 (generation Y; n = 3,994); 2000–2019 (generation Z; n = 3,381).ResultsA two-way ANOVA showed a significant effect of country, F(9,8628) = 90.17, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.086, and generation, F(2,8628) = 47.21, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.122, on the age at which individuals learn to cycle. Countries with the lowest learning age were the Netherlands, Finland and Belgium and countries with the highest learning age were Brazil and Mexico. Furthermore, the age at which one learns to cycle has decreased across generations. There was also a significant country x generation interaction effect on learning age, F(18,8628) = 2.90, p < 0.001; however, this effect was negligible (ηp2 = 0.006).ConclusionsThese findings support the socio-ecological perspective that learning to cycle is a process affected by both proximal and distal influences, including individual, environment and time. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:42:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a011da831f744709aef06d4feb2ff74f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:42:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-a011da831f744709aef06d4feb2ff74f2022-12-22T02:55:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652022-04-011010.3389/fpubh.2022.861390861390Learning to Cycle: A Cross-Cultural and Cross-Generational ComparisonRita Cordovil0Cristiana Mercê1Cristiana Mercê2Marco Branco3Marco Branco4Frederico Lopes5David Catela6Elina Hasanen7Arto Laukkanen8Patrizia Tortella9Guido Fumagalli10Cristina Sá11Boris Jidovtseff12Linus Zeuwts13An De Meester14Farid Bardid15Ricardo Fujikawa16Sanne Veldman17Sanne Veldman18Silvija Zlatar19Isaac Estevan20Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalCentro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalDepartamento de Atividade Física e Saúde, Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Rio Maior, PortugalCentro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalDepartamento de Atividade Física e Saúde, Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Rio Maior, PortugalDepartamento de Desporto e Saúde, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalCentro de Investigação em Qualidade de Vida, Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Rio Maior, PortugalFaculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FinlandFaculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FinlandDepartment of Art, Music and Movement, Faculty of Education, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, ItalyDepartment of Diagnostics and Public Health, Center for Research on Motor Development in Infancy, University of Verona, Verona, ItalyDepartamento de Ciências Do Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, BrazilResearch Unit for a Life-Course Perspective on Health and Education, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium0Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium1Department of Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States2School of Education, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom3Real Centro Universitario Escorial Maria Cristina, Madrid College of Chiropractic, Madrid, Spain4Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Amsterdam UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands5Health Behaviour and Chronic Diseases and Methodology, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, Netherlands6Kindergarten Matije Gupca, Zagreb, Croatia7AFIPS Research Group, RIIDASS Network, Department of Teaching of Music, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Valencia, SpainBackgroundLearning to cycle is an important milestone for children, but the popularity of cycling and the environmental factors that promote the development and practice of this foundational movement skill vary among cultures and across time. This present study aimed to investigate if country of residence and the generation in which a person was born influence the age at which people learn to cycle.MethodsData were collected through an online survey between November 2019 and December 2020. For this study, a total of 9,589 responses were obtained for adults (self-report) and children (parental report) living in 10 countries (Portugal, Italy, Brazil, Finland, Spain, Belgium, United Kingdom, Mexico, Croatia, and the Netherlands). Participants were grouped according to their year of birth with 20-year periods approximately corresponding to 3 generations: 1960–79 (generation X; n = 2,214); 1980–99 (generation Y; n = 3,994); 2000–2019 (generation Z; n = 3,381).ResultsA two-way ANOVA showed a significant effect of country, F(9,8628) = 90.17, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.086, and generation, F(2,8628) = 47.21, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.122, on the age at which individuals learn to cycle. Countries with the lowest learning age were the Netherlands, Finland and Belgium and countries with the highest learning age were Brazil and Mexico. Furthermore, the age at which one learns to cycle has decreased across generations. There was also a significant country x generation interaction effect on learning age, F(18,8628) = 2.90, p < 0.001; however, this effect was negligible (ηp2 = 0.006).ConclusionsThese findings support the socio-ecological perspective that learning to cycle is a process affected by both proximal and distal influences, including individual, environment and time.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.861390/fullcyclingcountrygenerationactive travelchildren |
| spellingShingle | Rita Cordovil Cristiana Mercê Cristiana Mercê Marco Branco Marco Branco Frederico Lopes David Catela Elina Hasanen Arto Laukkanen Patrizia Tortella Guido Fumagalli Cristina Sá Boris Jidovtseff Linus Zeuwts An De Meester Farid Bardid Ricardo Fujikawa Sanne Veldman Sanne Veldman Silvija Zlatar Isaac Estevan Learning to Cycle: A Cross-Cultural and Cross-Generational Comparison Frontiers in Public Health cycling country generation active travel children |
| title | Learning to Cycle: A Cross-Cultural and Cross-Generational Comparison |
| title_full | Learning to Cycle: A Cross-Cultural and Cross-Generational Comparison |
| title_fullStr | Learning to Cycle: A Cross-Cultural and Cross-Generational Comparison |
| title_full_unstemmed | Learning to Cycle: A Cross-Cultural and Cross-Generational Comparison |
| title_short | Learning to Cycle: A Cross-Cultural and Cross-Generational Comparison |
| title_sort | learning to cycle a cross cultural and cross generational comparison |
| topic | cycling country generation active travel children |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.861390/full |
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