Fabrication of PLA/PCL/Graphene Nanoplatelet (GNP) Electrically Conductive Circuit Using the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 3D Printing Technique
For the purpose of fabricating electrically conductive composites via the fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique whose properties were compared with injection-moulded properties, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) were mixed with different contents of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP)...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/3/762 |
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| author | Nour-Alhoda Masarra Marcos Batistella Jean-Christophe Quantin Arnaud Regazzi Monica Francesca Pucci Roland El Hage José-Marie Lopez-Cuesta |
| author_facet | Nour-Alhoda Masarra Marcos Batistella Jean-Christophe Quantin Arnaud Regazzi Monica Francesca Pucci Roland El Hage José-Marie Lopez-Cuesta |
| author_sort | Nour-Alhoda Masarra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | For the purpose of fabricating electrically conductive composites via the fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique whose properties were compared with injection-moulded properties, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) were mixed with different contents of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP). The wettability, morphological, rheological, thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of the 3D-printed samples were investigated. The microstructural images showed the selective localization of the GNPs in the PCL nodules that are dispersed in the PLA phase. The electrical resistivity results using the four-probes method revealed that the injection-moulded samples are insulators, whereas the 3D-printed samples featuring the same graphene content are semiconductors. Varying the printing raster angles also exerted an influence on the electrical conductivity results. The electrical percolation threshold was found to be lower than 15 wt.%, whereas the rheological percolation threshold was found to be lower than 10 wt.%. Furthermore, the 20 wt.% and 25 wt.% GNP composites were able to connect an electrical circuit. An increase in the Young’s modulus was shown with the percentage of graphene. As a result, this work exhibited the potential of the FFF technique to fabricate biodegradable electrically conductive PLA-PCL-GNP composites that can be applicable in the electronic domain. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:38:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a016c887dc68427fb80582c71b7372c0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:38:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-a016c887dc68427fb80582c71b7372c02023-11-23T16:56:46ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-01-0115376210.3390/ma15030762Fabrication of PLA/PCL/Graphene Nanoplatelet (GNP) Electrically Conductive Circuit Using the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 3D Printing TechniqueNour-Alhoda Masarra0Marcos Batistella1Jean-Christophe Quantin2Arnaud Regazzi3Monica Francesca Pucci4Roland El Hage5José-Marie Lopez-Cuesta6Polymers Composites and Hybrids (PCH), IMT Mines Ales, 30100 Ales, FrancePolymers Composites and Hybrids (PCH), IMT Mines Ales, 30100 Ales, FranceLMGC, IMT Mines Ales, Université Montpellier, CNRS, 30100 Ales, FranceLMGC, IMT Mines Ales, Université Montpellier, CNRS, 30100 Ales, FranceLMGC, IMT Mines Ales, Université Montpellier, CNRS, 30100 Ales, FranceLaboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials (LCPM), PR2N-EDST, Faculty of Sciences II, Campus Fanar, Lebanese University, Jdeideh P.O. Box 90656, LebanonPolymers Composites and Hybrids (PCH), IMT Mines Ales, 30100 Ales, FranceFor the purpose of fabricating electrically conductive composites via the fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique whose properties were compared with injection-moulded properties, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) were mixed with different contents of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP). The wettability, morphological, rheological, thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of the 3D-printed samples were investigated. The microstructural images showed the selective localization of the GNPs in the PCL nodules that are dispersed in the PLA phase. The electrical resistivity results using the four-probes method revealed that the injection-moulded samples are insulators, whereas the 3D-printed samples featuring the same graphene content are semiconductors. Varying the printing raster angles also exerted an influence on the electrical conductivity results. The electrical percolation threshold was found to be lower than 15 wt.%, whereas the rheological percolation threshold was found to be lower than 10 wt.%. Furthermore, the 20 wt.% and 25 wt.% GNP composites were able to connect an electrical circuit. An increase in the Young’s modulus was shown with the percentage of graphene. As a result, this work exhibited the potential of the FFF technique to fabricate biodegradable electrically conductive PLA-PCL-GNP composites that can be applicable in the electronic domain.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/3/762electrical conductivityfused filament fabrication3D printingpolymer bio nanocompositesPLAPCL |
| spellingShingle | Nour-Alhoda Masarra Marcos Batistella Jean-Christophe Quantin Arnaud Regazzi Monica Francesca Pucci Roland El Hage José-Marie Lopez-Cuesta Fabrication of PLA/PCL/Graphene Nanoplatelet (GNP) Electrically Conductive Circuit Using the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 3D Printing Technique Materials electrical conductivity fused filament fabrication 3D printing polymer bio nanocomposites PLA PCL |
| title | Fabrication of PLA/PCL/Graphene Nanoplatelet (GNP) Electrically Conductive Circuit Using the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 3D Printing Technique |
| title_full | Fabrication of PLA/PCL/Graphene Nanoplatelet (GNP) Electrically Conductive Circuit Using the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 3D Printing Technique |
| title_fullStr | Fabrication of PLA/PCL/Graphene Nanoplatelet (GNP) Electrically Conductive Circuit Using the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 3D Printing Technique |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fabrication of PLA/PCL/Graphene Nanoplatelet (GNP) Electrically Conductive Circuit Using the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 3D Printing Technique |
| title_short | Fabrication of PLA/PCL/Graphene Nanoplatelet (GNP) Electrically Conductive Circuit Using the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 3D Printing Technique |
| title_sort | fabrication of pla pcl graphene nanoplatelet gnp electrically conductive circuit using the fused filament fabrication fff 3d printing technique |
| topic | electrical conductivity fused filament fabrication 3D printing polymer bio nanocomposites PLA PCL |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/3/762 |
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