Increase in Hepatitis A Cases Linked to Imported Strains to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study
This study aims to evaluate the epidemiological and molecular features associated with HAV transmission in adults in Rio de Janeiro during a period of increased registered cases of HAV (2017–2018). Socio-epidemiological data and serum samples from anti-HAV IgM+ individuals were obtained. HAV RNA was...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/2/303 |
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| author | Vinicius M. Mello Lucas M. Bianchi Paulo Sergio F. Sousa Pedro S. Tavares Daniel R. G. Di Salvo Cleber F. Ginuino Nathalia A. A. Almeida Carlos A. S. Fernandes Francisco C. A. Mello Livia M. Villar Lia L. Lewis-Ximenez Barbara V. Lago |
| author_facet | Vinicius M. Mello Lucas M. Bianchi Paulo Sergio F. Sousa Pedro S. Tavares Daniel R. G. Di Salvo Cleber F. Ginuino Nathalia A. A. Almeida Carlos A. S. Fernandes Francisco C. A. Mello Livia M. Villar Lia L. Lewis-Ximenez Barbara V. Lago |
| author_sort | Vinicius M. Mello |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aims to evaluate the epidemiological and molecular features associated with HAV transmission in adults in Rio de Janeiro during a period of increased registered cases of HAV (2017–2018). Socio-epidemiological data and serum samples from anti-HAV IgM+ individuals were obtained. HAV RNA was RT-PCR amplified and sequenced for further phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses. From fifty-two HAV IgM+ individuals, most were men (78.85%; <i>p</i> = 0.024), aged 20–30 years old (84.61%; <i>p</i> < 0.001), resided in the Rio de Janeiro north zone (31/52; 59.62%; <i>p</i> = 0.001), and are men who have sex with men (MSM) (57.69%; <i>p</i> = 0.002). Sexual practices were more frequent (96%) than others risk factors (food-borne (44%), water-borne (42.31%), and parenteral (34.62%)). Individuals who traveled to endemic regions had a 7.19-fold (1.93–36.04; <i>p</i> < 0.01) increased risk of HAV. Phylogenetic analysis revealed four distinct clades of subgenotype IA, three of them comprised sequences from European/Asian MSM outbreaks and one from Brazilian endemic strains. Bayesian Inference showed that the imported strains were introduced to Brazil during large mass sportive events. Sexual orientation and sexual practices may play a role in acquiring HAV infection. Public policies targeting key populations must be implemented to prevent further dissemination of HAV and other STIs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:52:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a0296450864e456e99d4e75d8c09450e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:52:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-a0296450864e456e99d4e75d8c09450e2023-11-23T22:30:45ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-02-0114230310.3390/v14020303Increase in Hepatitis A Cases Linked to Imported Strains to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A Cross-Sectional StudyVinicius M. Mello0Lucas M. Bianchi1Paulo Sergio F. Sousa2Pedro S. Tavares3Daniel R. G. Di Salvo4Cleber F. Ginuino5Nathalia A. A. Almeida6Carlos A. S. Fernandes7Francisco C. A. Mello8Livia M. Villar9Lia L. Lewis-Ximenez10Barbara V. Lago11Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, BrazilSergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, BrazilViral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, BrazilResearch Group on Territory and Politics, Geosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-916, BrazilCartography Laboratory, Geosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-916, BrazilViral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, BrazilMolecular Virology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, BrazilHepatitis Division, Rio de Janeiro Health State Secretariat, Rio de Janeiro 20211-110, BrazilViral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, BrazilViral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, BrazilViral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, BrazilViral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, BrazilThis study aims to evaluate the epidemiological and molecular features associated with HAV transmission in adults in Rio de Janeiro during a period of increased registered cases of HAV (2017–2018). Socio-epidemiological data and serum samples from anti-HAV IgM+ individuals were obtained. HAV RNA was RT-PCR amplified and sequenced for further phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses. From fifty-two HAV IgM+ individuals, most were men (78.85%; <i>p</i> = 0.024), aged 20–30 years old (84.61%; <i>p</i> < 0.001), resided in the Rio de Janeiro north zone (31/52; 59.62%; <i>p</i> = 0.001), and are men who have sex with men (MSM) (57.69%; <i>p</i> = 0.002). Sexual practices were more frequent (96%) than others risk factors (food-borne (44%), water-borne (42.31%), and parenteral (34.62%)). Individuals who traveled to endemic regions had a 7.19-fold (1.93–36.04; <i>p</i> < 0.01) increased risk of HAV. Phylogenetic analysis revealed four distinct clades of subgenotype IA, three of them comprised sequences from European/Asian MSM outbreaks and one from Brazilian endemic strains. Bayesian Inference showed that the imported strains were introduced to Brazil during large mass sportive events. Sexual orientation and sexual practices may play a role in acquiring HAV infection. Public policies targeting key populations must be implemented to prevent further dissemination of HAV and other STIs.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/2/303hepatitis A virushepatitis A in Brazilmolecular epidemiologyoutbreak strainsendemics strainssexual transmission |
| spellingShingle | Vinicius M. Mello Lucas M. Bianchi Paulo Sergio F. Sousa Pedro S. Tavares Daniel R. G. Di Salvo Cleber F. Ginuino Nathalia A. A. Almeida Carlos A. S. Fernandes Francisco C. A. Mello Livia M. Villar Lia L. Lewis-Ximenez Barbara V. Lago Increase in Hepatitis A Cases Linked to Imported Strains to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study Viruses hepatitis A virus hepatitis A in Brazil molecular epidemiology outbreak strains endemics strains sexual transmission |
| title | Increase in Hepatitis A Cases Linked to Imported Strains to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_full | Increase in Hepatitis A Cases Linked to Imported Strains to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_fullStr | Increase in Hepatitis A Cases Linked to Imported Strains to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Increase in Hepatitis A Cases Linked to Imported Strains to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_short | Increase in Hepatitis A Cases Linked to Imported Strains to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_sort | increase in hepatitis a cases linked to imported strains to rio de janeiro brazil a cross sectional study |
| topic | hepatitis A virus hepatitis A in Brazil molecular epidemiology outbreak strains endemics strains sexual transmission |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/2/303 |
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