Switchgrass and Giant Reed Energy Potential when Cultivated in Heavy Metals Contaminated Soils
The cultivation of energy crops on degraded soils contributes to reduce the risks associated with land use change, and the biomass may represent an additional revenue as a feedstock for bioenergy. Switchgrass and giant reed were tested under 300 and 600 mg Cr kg<sup>−1</sup>, 110 and 220...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/15/5538 |
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| author | Leandro Gomes Jorge Costa Joana Moreira Berta Cumbane Marcelo Abias Fernando Santos Federica Zanetti Andrea Monti Ana Luisa Fernando |
| author_facet | Leandro Gomes Jorge Costa Joana Moreira Berta Cumbane Marcelo Abias Fernando Santos Federica Zanetti Andrea Monti Ana Luisa Fernando |
| author_sort | Leandro Gomes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The cultivation of energy crops on degraded soils contributes to reduce the risks associated with land use change, and the biomass may represent an additional revenue as a feedstock for bioenergy. Switchgrass and giant reed were tested under 300 and 600 mg Cr kg<sup>−1</sup>, 110 and 220 mg Ni kg<sup>−1</sup>, and 4 and 8 mg Cd kg<sup>−1</sup> contaminated soils, in a two year pot experiment. Switchgrass yields (average aerial 330 g.m<sup>−2</sup> and below ground 430 g.m<sup>−2</sup>), after the second year harvest, were not affected by Cd contamination and 110 mg Ni kg<sup>−1</sup>, but 220 mg Ni kg<sup>−1</sup> significantly affected the yields (55–60% reduction). A total plant loss was observed in Cr-contaminated pots. Giant reed aboveground yields (control: 410 g.m<sup>−2</sup>), in the second year harvest, were significantly affected by all metals and levels of contamination (30–70% reduction), except in 110 mg Ni kg<sup>−1</sup> pots. The belowground biomass yields (average 1600 g.m<sup>−2</sup>) were not affected by the tested metals. Contamination did not affect the high heating value (HHV) of switchgrass (average 18.4 MJ.kg<sup>−1</sup>) and giant reed aerial fractions (average 18.9 MJ.kg<sup>−1</sup>, stems, and 18.1 MJ.kg<sup>−1</sup>, leaves), harvested in the second year, indicating that the biomass can be exploited for bioenergy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:08:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a02bc5a3ecd047129d0b6c04040f948e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:08:46Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-a02bc5a3ecd047129d0b6c04040f948e2023-12-01T22:55:06ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-07-011515553810.3390/en15155538Switchgrass and Giant Reed Energy Potential when Cultivated in Heavy Metals Contaminated SoilsLeandro Gomes0Jorge Costa1Joana Moreira2Berta Cumbane3Marcelo Abias4Fernando Santos5Federica Zanetti6Andrea Monti7Ana Luisa Fernando8MEtRICs, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia da Biomassa, Departamento de Química, NOVA School of Science and Technology|FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, PortugalMEtRICs, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia da Biomassa, Departamento de Química, NOVA School of Science and Technology|FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, PortugalMEtRICs, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia da Biomassa, Departamento de Química, NOVA School of Science and Technology|FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, PortugalMEtRICs, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia da Biomassa, Departamento de Química, NOVA School of Science and Technology|FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, PortugalMEtRICs, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia da Biomassa, Departamento de Química, NOVA School of Science and Technology|FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, PortugalUniversidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul/UERGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 8855, Porto Alegre 91540-000, BrazilDepartment of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum–Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum–Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, ItalyMEtRICs, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia da Biomassa, Departamento de Química, NOVA School of Science and Technology|FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, PortugalThe cultivation of energy crops on degraded soils contributes to reduce the risks associated with land use change, and the biomass may represent an additional revenue as a feedstock for bioenergy. Switchgrass and giant reed were tested under 300 and 600 mg Cr kg<sup>−1</sup>, 110 and 220 mg Ni kg<sup>−1</sup>, and 4 and 8 mg Cd kg<sup>−1</sup> contaminated soils, in a two year pot experiment. Switchgrass yields (average aerial 330 g.m<sup>−2</sup> and below ground 430 g.m<sup>−2</sup>), after the second year harvest, were not affected by Cd contamination and 110 mg Ni kg<sup>−1</sup>, but 220 mg Ni kg<sup>−1</sup> significantly affected the yields (55–60% reduction). A total plant loss was observed in Cr-contaminated pots. Giant reed aboveground yields (control: 410 g.m<sup>−2</sup>), in the second year harvest, were significantly affected by all metals and levels of contamination (30–70% reduction), except in 110 mg Ni kg<sup>−1</sup> pots. The belowground biomass yields (average 1600 g.m<sup>−2</sup>) were not affected by the tested metals. Contamination did not affect the high heating value (HHV) of switchgrass (average 18.4 MJ.kg<sup>−1</sup>) and giant reed aerial fractions (average 18.9 MJ.kg<sup>−1</sup>, stems, and 18.1 MJ.kg<sup>−1</sup>, leaves), harvested in the second year, indicating that the biomass can be exploited for bioenergy.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/15/5538<i>Arundo donax</i><i>Panicum virgatum</i>heavy metalsphytoremediationcontaminated soilslow ILUC crops |
| spellingShingle | Leandro Gomes Jorge Costa Joana Moreira Berta Cumbane Marcelo Abias Fernando Santos Federica Zanetti Andrea Monti Ana Luisa Fernando Switchgrass and Giant Reed Energy Potential when Cultivated in Heavy Metals Contaminated Soils Energies <i>Arundo donax</i> <i>Panicum virgatum</i> heavy metals phytoremediation contaminated soils low ILUC crops |
| title | Switchgrass and Giant Reed Energy Potential when Cultivated in Heavy Metals Contaminated Soils |
| title_full | Switchgrass and Giant Reed Energy Potential when Cultivated in Heavy Metals Contaminated Soils |
| title_fullStr | Switchgrass and Giant Reed Energy Potential when Cultivated in Heavy Metals Contaminated Soils |
| title_full_unstemmed | Switchgrass and Giant Reed Energy Potential when Cultivated in Heavy Metals Contaminated Soils |
| title_short | Switchgrass and Giant Reed Energy Potential when Cultivated in Heavy Metals Contaminated Soils |
| title_sort | switchgrass and giant reed energy potential when cultivated in heavy metals contaminated soils |
| topic | <i>Arundo donax</i> <i>Panicum virgatum</i> heavy metals phytoremediation contaminated soils low ILUC crops |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/15/5538 |
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