Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression, Prognosis, and Biological Significance of PLOD Family in Bladder Cancer
Ru Chen,1,2,* Ming Jiang,1,* Bing Hu,1 Bin Fu,1 Ting Sun1 1Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Putian City, Putian City, People’s Republic of China&as...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Dove Medical Press
2023-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of General Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/comprehensive-analysis-of-the-expression-prognosis-and-biological-si-2-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJGM |
| _version_ | 1797894473742548992 |
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| author | Chen R Jiang M Hu B Fu B Sun T |
| author_facet | Chen R Jiang M Hu B Fu B Sun T |
| author_sort | Chen R |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ru Chen,1,2,* Ming Jiang,1,* Bing Hu,1 Bin Fu,1 Ting Sun1 1Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Putian City, Putian City, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Bin Fu; Ting Sun, Email urofbin@163.com; 361439919033@email.ncu.edu.cnBackground: Large numbers of studies have identified that procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase (PLOD) family members play important roles in tumorigenesis and tumor progression in various cancers. However, the expression pattern, clinical value and function of PLOD family have yet to be analyzed systematically and comprehensively in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA).Methods: We investigated the transcriptional levels, genetic alteration, biological function, immune cell infiltration, data on survival of PLODs in patients with BLCA based on UALCAN, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), TIMER, STRING, cBioPortal and GSCALite databases. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were performed in R software using the Cluster Profiler Bioconductor package. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was established by STRING and visualized by using R version (3.6.3) software. Survival analysis was performed using the packages “survminer”.Results: The mRNA and protein expression patterns of PLOD family members were noticeably increased in BLC compared with normal tissue. The mRNA expression levels of PLOD1-2 genes were significantly correlated with histological subtypes and PLOD1 was significantly correlated with pathological stage. Furthermore, the high expression levels of PLOD1-2 were remarkably associated with poor overall survival (OS) in BLCA patients, meanwhile high expression levels of PLOD1 and PLOD3 were markedly associated with poor progression-free interval (PFI). In co-expression gene analysis, 50 genes were primarily associated with the differentially expressed PLODs in BLCA. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that protein hydroxylation, collagen fibril organization, and lysine degradation were key biological functions of PLODs in BLCA. Moreover, PLOD family genes were identified as being associated with the activities of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and closely associated with immune responses in BLCA.Conclusion: PLOD family members might serve as potential therapeutic targets and prognostic markers for BLCA patients’ survival.Keywords: bladder cancer, PLODs, immune infiltration, prognosis, biomarker |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T07:09:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a02ea1ac4817447096a560e15cbca29e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1178-7074 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T07:09:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of General Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-a02ea1ac4817447096a560e15cbca29e2023-02-26T15:41:34ZengDove Medical PressInternational Journal of General Medicine1178-70742023-02-01Volume 1670772281869Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression, Prognosis, and Biological Significance of PLOD Family in Bladder CancerChen RJiang MHu BFu BSun TRu Chen,1,2,* Ming Jiang,1,* Bing Hu,1 Bin Fu,1 Ting Sun1 1Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Putian City, Putian City, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Bin Fu; Ting Sun, Email urofbin@163.com; 361439919033@email.ncu.edu.cnBackground: Large numbers of studies have identified that procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase (PLOD) family members play important roles in tumorigenesis and tumor progression in various cancers. However, the expression pattern, clinical value and function of PLOD family have yet to be analyzed systematically and comprehensively in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA).Methods: We investigated the transcriptional levels, genetic alteration, biological function, immune cell infiltration, data on survival of PLODs in patients with BLCA based on UALCAN, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), TIMER, STRING, cBioPortal and GSCALite databases. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were performed in R software using the Cluster Profiler Bioconductor package. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was established by STRING and visualized by using R version (3.6.3) software. Survival analysis was performed using the packages “survminer”.Results: The mRNA and protein expression patterns of PLOD family members were noticeably increased in BLC compared with normal tissue. The mRNA expression levels of PLOD1-2 genes were significantly correlated with histological subtypes and PLOD1 was significantly correlated with pathological stage. Furthermore, the high expression levels of PLOD1-2 were remarkably associated with poor overall survival (OS) in BLCA patients, meanwhile high expression levels of PLOD1 and PLOD3 were markedly associated with poor progression-free interval (PFI). In co-expression gene analysis, 50 genes were primarily associated with the differentially expressed PLODs in BLCA. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that protein hydroxylation, collagen fibril organization, and lysine degradation were key biological functions of PLODs in BLCA. Moreover, PLOD family genes were identified as being associated with the activities of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and closely associated with immune responses in BLCA.Conclusion: PLOD family members might serve as potential therapeutic targets and prognostic markers for BLCA patients’ survival.Keywords: bladder cancer, PLODs, immune infiltration, prognosis, biomarkerhttps://www.dovepress.com/comprehensive-analysis-of-the-expression-prognosis-and-biological-si-2-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJGMbladder cancerplodsimmune infiltrationprognosisbiomarker |
| spellingShingle | Chen R Jiang M Hu B Fu B Sun T Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression, Prognosis, and Biological Significance of PLOD Family in Bladder Cancer International Journal of General Medicine bladder cancer plods immune infiltration prognosis biomarker |
| title | Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression, Prognosis, and Biological Significance of PLOD Family in Bladder Cancer |
| title_full | Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression, Prognosis, and Biological Significance of PLOD Family in Bladder Cancer |
| title_fullStr | Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression, Prognosis, and Biological Significance of PLOD Family in Bladder Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression, Prognosis, and Biological Significance of PLOD Family in Bladder Cancer |
| title_short | Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression, Prognosis, and Biological Significance of PLOD Family in Bladder Cancer |
| title_sort | comprehensive analysis of the expression prognosis and biological significance of plod family in bladder cancer |
| topic | bladder cancer plods immune infiltration prognosis biomarker |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/comprehensive-analysis-of-the-expression-prognosis-and-biological-si-2-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJGM |
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