| Summary: | Anthropogenic activities over the last century have caused rapid changes in environmental conditions through increasing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in the atmosphere that contribute to global warming. Moreover, the increased global average temperature is linked with changes in the precipitation rate and distribution, resulting in a negative impact on crop health and productivity. Plants in nature often experience combined stresses; therefore, they have developed adaptive mechanisms to cope with fluctuating environmental conditions. Thus, investigating plant responses under unfavorable environmental conditions will provide a better understanding of how crops can adapt and thereby assist in selecting climate-resilient crops that can withstand climate variability. This review highlights the main adaptive physiological and biochemical responses of crops grown under elevated CO<sub>2</sub> (eCO<sub>2</sub>) and exposed to combined abiotic stresses (drought and heat). Moreover, the mitigation and limitation impact of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on plants under the combination of stress is discussed.
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