Relation between iodine nutrition and thyroid diseases in Qinghai, China
ObjectiveTo investigate the adult iodine nutrition and the prevalence of thyroid diseases in Qinghai Province, and analyze the correlation between iodine and thyroid diseases, so as to provide a basis for adjusting the salt iodization plan in Qinghai Province.MethodsUsing cluster and stratified samp...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2023.1234482/full |
| _version_ | 1797689883820556288 |
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| author | Xiaoxia Fan Xiaoxia Fan Xiaoxia Fan Lingling Zhao Shuqiong Wang Kang Song Beibei Wang Yanling Xie Yanping Jiang Lijun Lin Weiping Teng Chunmei Cai Chunmei Cai Yongli Yao |
| author_facet | Xiaoxia Fan Xiaoxia Fan Xiaoxia Fan Lingling Zhao Shuqiong Wang Kang Song Beibei Wang Yanling Xie Yanping Jiang Lijun Lin Weiping Teng Chunmei Cai Chunmei Cai Yongli Yao |
| author_sort | Xiaoxia Fan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectiveTo investigate the adult iodine nutrition and the prevalence of thyroid diseases in Qinghai Province, and analyze the correlation between iodine and thyroid diseases, so as to provide a basis for adjusting the salt iodization plan in Qinghai Province.MethodsUsing cluster and stratified sampling method to select 2628 permanent residents over 18 years old in Qinghai Province for questionnaire survey, physical examination, thyroid color ultrasound, and laboratory index detection.Results1. The coverage of iodized salt in adults is 99.71%. 2. The detection rates of thyroid disorders in adults were as follows: Clinical hyperthyroidism was 1.20%, subclinical hyperthyroidism was 0.20%, clinical hypothyroidism was 1.00%, subclinical hypothyroidism was 29.20%, and the goiter was 2.10%. The percentages positivity of TPO Ab, TG Ab, goiter was 9.80%, 9.20%, 2.10%, respectively. Among them single thyroid nodule was 6.40%, multi-nodule thyroid gland was 1.80%. 3. The percentages of mild iodine deficiency, moderate iodine deficiency, Severe iodine deficiency, adequate iodine intake (AI), more than adequate iodine intake (MAI)and excessive iodine intake (EI)were 8.41%, 2.17%, 0.26%, 33.22%, 28.35%, and 27.59%, respectively. The percentages of mild, moderate and severe iodine deficiency in urban populations (7.13%, 0.87%, 0.0%) were significantly lower than those in rural populations (9.81%, 3.59%, 0.56%) (P < 0.05), and the rates of adequate, more than adequate iodine intake in urban populations (36.03%, 30.93%) were significantly higher than that in rural populations (30.14%, 25.52%). The rate of excess iodine intake was higher in rural areas (30.38%) than in urban areas (25.04%). 4. The positive rates of subclinical hypothyroidism, goiter, TPO Ab and TG Ab in female adults (35.28%, 3.39%, 13.54%, 13.94%) were higher than those in male adults (23.58%, 0.96%, 6.266%, 4.79%). The detection rate of single thyroid nodules was higher in urban (8.01%) than rural populations (4.70%), while the detection rate of hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, and goiter (0.58%, 25.84%, 1.38%) was lower than that in rural populations (1.52%, 32.96%, 2.96%) (P<0.05). 5. There was no statistical significance in the detection rates of clinical hyperthyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, goiter, thyroid nodules, TPO Ab and TG Ab positive rates in different iodine nutritional status (P>0.05). The positive rate of hypothyroidism in the iodine deficiency group is higher than in other iodine nutrition groups.ConclusionThe nutritional status of iodine in Qinghai Province is iodine excess. Subclinical hypothyroidism was detected at a high rate. Subclinical hypothyroidism, goiter, TPO Ab, and TG Ab were more common in female than in male. The proportion of mild, moderate, and severe iodine deficiency was higher in urban areas than in rural areas. The detection rate of thyroid nodules was higher in urban than in rural areas, and that of hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, and goiter was lower than that in rural populations. The detection rate of clinical hypothyroidism was statistically significant in different iodine nutritional states (P< 0.05). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T01:51:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a03d22a18dd5418e9f85bf18920c2cbc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T01:51:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a03d22a18dd5418e9f85bf18920c2cbc2023-09-08T12:10:52ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922023-09-011410.3389/fendo.2023.12344821234482Relation between iodine nutrition and thyroid diseases in Qinghai, ChinaXiaoxia Fan0Xiaoxia Fan1Xiaoxia Fan2Lingling Zhao3Shuqiong Wang4Kang Song5Beibei Wang6Yanling Xie7Yanping Jiang8Lijun Lin9Weiping Teng10Chunmei Cai11Chunmei Cai12Yongli Yao13Department of Endocrinology, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for High Altitude Medicine, Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Xining, ChinaKey Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai−Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine) Qinghai University, Xining, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for High Altitude Medicine, Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Xining, ChinaKey Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai−Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine) Qinghai University, Xining, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, ChinaObjectiveTo investigate the adult iodine nutrition and the prevalence of thyroid diseases in Qinghai Province, and analyze the correlation between iodine and thyroid diseases, so as to provide a basis for adjusting the salt iodization plan in Qinghai Province.MethodsUsing cluster and stratified sampling method to select 2628 permanent residents over 18 years old in Qinghai Province for questionnaire survey, physical examination, thyroid color ultrasound, and laboratory index detection.Results1. The coverage of iodized salt in adults is 99.71%. 2. The detection rates of thyroid disorders in adults were as follows: Clinical hyperthyroidism was 1.20%, subclinical hyperthyroidism was 0.20%, clinical hypothyroidism was 1.00%, subclinical hypothyroidism was 29.20%, and the goiter was 2.10%. The percentages positivity of TPO Ab, TG Ab, goiter was 9.80%, 9.20%, 2.10%, respectively. Among them single thyroid nodule was 6.40%, multi-nodule thyroid gland was 1.80%. 3. The percentages of mild iodine deficiency, moderate iodine deficiency, Severe iodine deficiency, adequate iodine intake (AI), more than adequate iodine intake (MAI)and excessive iodine intake (EI)were 8.41%, 2.17%, 0.26%, 33.22%, 28.35%, and 27.59%, respectively. The percentages of mild, moderate and severe iodine deficiency in urban populations (7.13%, 0.87%, 0.0%) were significantly lower than those in rural populations (9.81%, 3.59%, 0.56%) (P < 0.05), and the rates of adequate, more than adequate iodine intake in urban populations (36.03%, 30.93%) were significantly higher than that in rural populations (30.14%, 25.52%). The rate of excess iodine intake was higher in rural areas (30.38%) than in urban areas (25.04%). 4. The positive rates of subclinical hypothyroidism, goiter, TPO Ab and TG Ab in female adults (35.28%, 3.39%, 13.54%, 13.94%) were higher than those in male adults (23.58%, 0.96%, 6.266%, 4.79%). The detection rate of single thyroid nodules was higher in urban (8.01%) than rural populations (4.70%), while the detection rate of hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, and goiter (0.58%, 25.84%, 1.38%) was lower than that in rural populations (1.52%, 32.96%, 2.96%) (P<0.05). 5. There was no statistical significance in the detection rates of clinical hyperthyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, goiter, thyroid nodules, TPO Ab and TG Ab positive rates in different iodine nutritional status (P>0.05). The positive rate of hypothyroidism in the iodine deficiency group is higher than in other iodine nutrition groups.ConclusionThe nutritional status of iodine in Qinghai Province is iodine excess. Subclinical hypothyroidism was detected at a high rate. Subclinical hypothyroidism, goiter, TPO Ab, and TG Ab were more common in female than in male. The proportion of mild, moderate, and severe iodine deficiency was higher in urban areas than in rural areas. The detection rate of thyroid nodules was higher in urban than in rural areas, and that of hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, and goiter was lower than that in rural populations. The detection rate of clinical hypothyroidism was statistically significant in different iodine nutritional states (P< 0.05).https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2023.1234482/fullQinghai provincethyroid diseaseiodine nutritionepidemiologyrelation |
| spellingShingle | Xiaoxia Fan Xiaoxia Fan Xiaoxia Fan Lingling Zhao Shuqiong Wang Kang Song Beibei Wang Yanling Xie Yanping Jiang Lijun Lin Weiping Teng Chunmei Cai Chunmei Cai Yongli Yao Relation between iodine nutrition and thyroid diseases in Qinghai, China Frontiers in Endocrinology Qinghai province thyroid disease iodine nutrition epidemiology relation |
| title | Relation between iodine nutrition and thyroid diseases in Qinghai, China |
| title_full | Relation between iodine nutrition and thyroid diseases in Qinghai, China |
| title_fullStr | Relation between iodine nutrition and thyroid diseases in Qinghai, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Relation between iodine nutrition and thyroid diseases in Qinghai, China |
| title_short | Relation between iodine nutrition and thyroid diseases in Qinghai, China |
| title_sort | relation between iodine nutrition and thyroid diseases in qinghai china |
| topic | Qinghai province thyroid disease iodine nutrition epidemiology relation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2023.1234482/full |
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