| Summary: | Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have attracted wide attention in the field of ionizing radiation (IR). They have been found to be involved in cell development, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in both clinical radiotherapy and radiation protection studies. Despite the production of an increasing number of relevant reports in recent years, the molecular mechanisms involved are yet to be clearly understood. In the last few years, ncRNAs have received a lot of research attention, especially microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs, which have a well-known association with the development of human disease and are closely related to the biological phenotypic changes caused by IR. With recent developments of research methods, these ncRNAs might play a significant regulatory role in future radiation protection and radiotherapy. This review will summarize the research progress of various types of ncRNAs as biomarkers of IR and potential new targets for radiotherapy, aiming to provide references for future research and the formulation of new strategies.
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