Smoking remains associated with education after controlling for social background and genetic factors in a study of 18 twin cohorts
Abstract We tested the causality between education and smoking using the natural experiment of discordant twin pairs allowing to optimally control for background genetic and childhood social factors. Data from 18 cohorts including 10,527 monozygotic (MZ) and same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs discor...
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| Format: | Article |
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Nature Portfolio
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17536-x |
| _version_ | 1818492061580525568 |
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| author | Karri Silventoinen Maarit Piirtola Aline Jelenkovic Reijo Sund Adam D. Tarnoki David L. Tarnoki Emanuela Medda Lorenza Nisticò Virgilia Toccaceli Chika Honda Fujio Inui Rie Tomizawa Mikio Watanabe Norio Sakai Margaret Gatz David A. Butler Jooyeon Lee Soo Ji Lee Joohon Sung Carol E. Franz William S. Kremen Michael J. Lyons Catherine A. Derom Robert F. Vlietinck Ruth J. F. Loos Per Tynelius Finn Rasmussen Nicholas G. Martin Sarah E. Medland Grant W. Montgomery Ingunn Brandt Thomas S. Nilsen Jennifer R. Harris Jessica Tyler John L. Hopper Patrik K. E. Magnusson Nancy L. Pedersen Anna K. Dahl Aslan Juan R. Ordoñana Juan F. Sánchez-Romera Lucia Colodro-Conde Esther Rebato Dongfeng Zhang Zengchang Pang Qihua Tan Judy L. Silberg Hermine H. Maes Dorret I. Boomsma Thorkild I. A. Sørensen Tellervo Korhonen Jaakko Kaprio |
| author_facet | Karri Silventoinen Maarit Piirtola Aline Jelenkovic Reijo Sund Adam D. Tarnoki David L. Tarnoki Emanuela Medda Lorenza Nisticò Virgilia Toccaceli Chika Honda Fujio Inui Rie Tomizawa Mikio Watanabe Norio Sakai Margaret Gatz David A. Butler Jooyeon Lee Soo Ji Lee Joohon Sung Carol E. Franz William S. Kremen Michael J. Lyons Catherine A. Derom Robert F. Vlietinck Ruth J. F. Loos Per Tynelius Finn Rasmussen Nicholas G. Martin Sarah E. Medland Grant W. Montgomery Ingunn Brandt Thomas S. Nilsen Jennifer R. Harris Jessica Tyler John L. Hopper Patrik K. E. Magnusson Nancy L. Pedersen Anna K. Dahl Aslan Juan R. Ordoñana Juan F. Sánchez-Romera Lucia Colodro-Conde Esther Rebato Dongfeng Zhang Zengchang Pang Qihua Tan Judy L. Silberg Hermine H. Maes Dorret I. Boomsma Thorkild I. A. Sørensen Tellervo Korhonen Jaakko Kaprio |
| author_sort | Karri Silventoinen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract We tested the causality between education and smoking using the natural experiment of discordant twin pairs allowing to optimally control for background genetic and childhood social factors. Data from 18 cohorts including 10,527 monozygotic (MZ) and same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs discordant for education and smoking were analyzed by linear fixed effects regression models. Within twin pairs, education levels were lower among the currently smoking than among the never smoking co-twins and this education difference was larger within DZ than MZ pairs. Similarly, education levels were higher among former smoking than among currently smoking co-twins, and this difference was larger within DZ pairs. Our results support the hypothesis of a causal effect of education on both current smoking status and smoking cessation. However, the even greater intra-pair differences within DZ pairs, who share only 50% of their segregating genes, provide evidence that shared genetic factors also contribute to these associations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T17:38:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a04289e4c6684fb58b460af114fe9ff4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T17:38:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-a04289e4c6684fb58b460af114fe9ff42022-12-22T01:39:26ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222022-07-011211910.1038/s41598-022-17536-xSmoking remains associated with education after controlling for social background and genetic factors in a study of 18 twin cohortsKarri Silventoinen0Maarit Piirtola1Aline Jelenkovic2Reijo Sund3Adam D. Tarnoki4David L. Tarnoki5Emanuela Medda6Lorenza Nisticò7Virgilia Toccaceli8Chika Honda9Fujio Inui10Rie Tomizawa11Mikio Watanabe12Norio Sakai13Margaret Gatz14David A. Butler15Jooyeon Lee16Soo Ji Lee17Joohon Sung18Carol E. Franz19William S. Kremen20Michael J. Lyons21Catherine A. Derom22Robert F. Vlietinck23Ruth J. F. Loos24Per Tynelius25Finn Rasmussen26Nicholas G. Martin27Sarah E. Medland28Grant W. Montgomery29Ingunn Brandt30Thomas S. Nilsen31Jennifer R. Harris32Jessica Tyler33John L. Hopper34Patrik K. E. Magnusson35Nancy L. Pedersen36Anna K. Dahl Aslan37Juan R. Ordoñana38Juan F. Sánchez-Romera39Lucia Colodro-Conde40Esther Rebato41Dongfeng Zhang42Zengchang Pang43Qihua Tan44Judy L. Silberg45Hermine H. Maes46Dorret I. Boomsma47Thorkild I. A. Sørensen48Tellervo Korhonen49Jaakko Kaprio50Department of Social Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of HelsinkiUKK Institute – Centre for Health Promotion ResearchDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque CountryDepartment of Social Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of HelsinkiMedical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis UniversityMedical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis UniversityIstituto Superiore di Sanità - Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental HealthIstituto Superiore di Sanità - Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental HealthIstituto Superiore di Sanità - Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental HealthCenter for Twin Research, Osaka University Graduate School of MedicineCenter for Twin Research, Osaka University Graduate School of MedicineCenter for Twin Research, Osaka University Graduate School of MedicineCenter for Twin Research, Osaka University Graduate School of MedicineCenter for Twin Research, Osaka University Graduate School of MedicineCenter for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern CaliforniaThe National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and MedicineDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National UniversityDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National UniversityDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry, University of CaliforniaDepartment of Psychiatry, University of CaliforniaDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston UniversityCentre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals LeuvenCentre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals LeuvenThe Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiDepartment of Global Public Health, Karolinska InstitutetDepartment of Global Public Health, Karolinska InstitutetGenetic Epidemiology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteGenetic Epidemiology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteInstitute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandDivision of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public HealthDivision of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public HealthCenter for Fertility and Health, The Norwegian Institute of Public HealthCentre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Twins Research Australia, The University of MelbourneDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National UniversityDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska InstitutetDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska InstitutetDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska InstitutetDepartment of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of MurciaDepartment of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of MurciaGenetic Epidemiology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteDepartment of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHUDepartment of Public Health, Qingdao University Medical CollegeDepartment of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and PreventionEpidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern DenmarkDepartment of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityDepartment of Human and Molecular Genetics, Psychiatry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityNetherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, AmsterdamFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, University of CopenhagenInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of HelsinkiInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of HelsinkiAbstract We tested the causality between education and smoking using the natural experiment of discordant twin pairs allowing to optimally control for background genetic and childhood social factors. Data from 18 cohorts including 10,527 monozygotic (MZ) and same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs discordant for education and smoking were analyzed by linear fixed effects regression models. Within twin pairs, education levels were lower among the currently smoking than among the never smoking co-twins and this education difference was larger within DZ than MZ pairs. Similarly, education levels were higher among former smoking than among currently smoking co-twins, and this difference was larger within DZ pairs. Our results support the hypothesis of a causal effect of education on both current smoking status and smoking cessation. However, the even greater intra-pair differences within DZ pairs, who share only 50% of their segregating genes, provide evidence that shared genetic factors also contribute to these associations.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17536-x |
| spellingShingle | Karri Silventoinen Maarit Piirtola Aline Jelenkovic Reijo Sund Adam D. Tarnoki David L. Tarnoki Emanuela Medda Lorenza Nisticò Virgilia Toccaceli Chika Honda Fujio Inui Rie Tomizawa Mikio Watanabe Norio Sakai Margaret Gatz David A. Butler Jooyeon Lee Soo Ji Lee Joohon Sung Carol E. Franz William S. Kremen Michael J. Lyons Catherine A. Derom Robert F. Vlietinck Ruth J. F. Loos Per Tynelius Finn Rasmussen Nicholas G. Martin Sarah E. Medland Grant W. Montgomery Ingunn Brandt Thomas S. Nilsen Jennifer R. Harris Jessica Tyler John L. Hopper Patrik K. E. Magnusson Nancy L. Pedersen Anna K. Dahl Aslan Juan R. Ordoñana Juan F. Sánchez-Romera Lucia Colodro-Conde Esther Rebato Dongfeng Zhang Zengchang Pang Qihua Tan Judy L. Silberg Hermine H. Maes Dorret I. Boomsma Thorkild I. A. Sørensen Tellervo Korhonen Jaakko Kaprio Smoking remains associated with education after controlling for social background and genetic factors in a study of 18 twin cohorts Scientific Reports |
| title | Smoking remains associated with education after controlling for social background and genetic factors in a study of 18 twin cohorts |
| title_full | Smoking remains associated with education after controlling for social background and genetic factors in a study of 18 twin cohorts |
| title_fullStr | Smoking remains associated with education after controlling for social background and genetic factors in a study of 18 twin cohorts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Smoking remains associated with education after controlling for social background and genetic factors in a study of 18 twin cohorts |
| title_short | Smoking remains associated with education after controlling for social background and genetic factors in a study of 18 twin cohorts |
| title_sort | smoking remains associated with education after controlling for social background and genetic factors in a study of 18 twin cohorts |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17536-x |
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