Super-enhancers: a new frontier for epigenetic modifiers in cancer chemoresistance
Abstract Although new developments of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy treatments for cancer have improved patient survival, the emergence of chemoresistance in cancer has significant impacts on treatment effects. The development of chemoresistance involves several polygenic, p...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-021-01974-y |
| _version_ | 1818612303861383168 |
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| author | Guo-Hua Li Qiang Qu Ting-Ting Qi Xin-Qi Teng Hai-Hong Zhu Jiao-Jiao Wang Qiong Lu Jian Qu |
| author_facet | Guo-Hua Li Qiang Qu Ting-Ting Qi Xin-Qi Teng Hai-Hong Zhu Jiao-Jiao Wang Qiong Lu Jian Qu |
| author_sort | Guo-Hua Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Although new developments of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy treatments for cancer have improved patient survival, the emergence of chemoresistance in cancer has significant impacts on treatment effects. The development of chemoresistance involves several polygenic, progressive mechanisms at the molecular and cellular levels, as well as both genetic and epigenetic heterogeneities. Chemotherapeutics induce epigenetic reprogramming in cancer cells, converting a transient transcriptional state into a stably resistant one. Super-enhancers (SEs) are central to the maintenance of identity of cancer cells and promote SE-driven-oncogenic transcriptions to which cancer cells become highly addicted. This dependence on SE-driven transcription to maintain chemoresistance offers an Achilles’ heel for chemoresistance. Indeed, the inhibition of SE components dampens oncogenic transcription and inhibits tumor growth to ultimately achieve combined sensitization and reverse the effects of drug resistance. No reviews have been published on SE-related mechanisms in the cancer chemoresistance. In this review, we investigated the structure, function, and regulation of chemoresistance-related SEs and their contributions to the chemotherapy via regulation of the formation of cancer stem cells, cellular plasticity, the microenvironment, genes associated with chemoresistance, noncoding RNAs, and tumor immunity. The discovery of these mechanisms may aid in the development of new drugs to improve the sensitivity and specificity of cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T15:44:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a04e59d514fe4b10b9addf8fdfe6a90b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-9966 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T15:44:05Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-a04e59d514fe4b10b9addf8fdfe6a90b2022-12-21T22:25:51ZengBMCJournal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research1756-99662021-05-0140111710.1186/s13046-021-01974-ySuper-enhancers: a new frontier for epigenetic modifiers in cancer chemoresistanceGuo-Hua Li0Qiang Qu1Ting-Ting Qi2Xin-Qi Teng3Hai-Hong Zhu4Jiao-Jiao Wang5Qiong Lu6Jian Qu7Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South UniversityAbstract Although new developments of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy treatments for cancer have improved patient survival, the emergence of chemoresistance in cancer has significant impacts on treatment effects. The development of chemoresistance involves several polygenic, progressive mechanisms at the molecular and cellular levels, as well as both genetic and epigenetic heterogeneities. Chemotherapeutics induce epigenetic reprogramming in cancer cells, converting a transient transcriptional state into a stably resistant one. Super-enhancers (SEs) are central to the maintenance of identity of cancer cells and promote SE-driven-oncogenic transcriptions to which cancer cells become highly addicted. This dependence on SE-driven transcription to maintain chemoresistance offers an Achilles’ heel for chemoresistance. Indeed, the inhibition of SE components dampens oncogenic transcription and inhibits tumor growth to ultimately achieve combined sensitization and reverse the effects of drug resistance. No reviews have been published on SE-related mechanisms in the cancer chemoresistance. In this review, we investigated the structure, function, and regulation of chemoresistance-related SEs and their contributions to the chemotherapy via regulation of the formation of cancer stem cells, cellular plasticity, the microenvironment, genes associated with chemoresistance, noncoding RNAs, and tumor immunity. The discovery of these mechanisms may aid in the development of new drugs to improve the sensitivity and specificity of cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-021-01974-ySuper-enhancerChemoresistanceEpigenetic reprogrammingCancerTherapy |
| spellingShingle | Guo-Hua Li Qiang Qu Ting-Ting Qi Xin-Qi Teng Hai-Hong Zhu Jiao-Jiao Wang Qiong Lu Jian Qu Super-enhancers: a new frontier for epigenetic modifiers in cancer chemoresistance Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research Super-enhancer Chemoresistance Epigenetic reprogramming Cancer Therapy |
| title | Super-enhancers: a new frontier for epigenetic modifiers in cancer chemoresistance |
| title_full | Super-enhancers: a new frontier for epigenetic modifiers in cancer chemoresistance |
| title_fullStr | Super-enhancers: a new frontier for epigenetic modifiers in cancer chemoresistance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Super-enhancers: a new frontier for epigenetic modifiers in cancer chemoresistance |
| title_short | Super-enhancers: a new frontier for epigenetic modifiers in cancer chemoresistance |
| title_sort | super enhancers a new frontier for epigenetic modifiers in cancer chemoresistance |
| topic | Super-enhancer Chemoresistance Epigenetic reprogramming Cancer Therapy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-021-01974-y |
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