Metabolic Evaluation in Paediatric Urolithiasis: A 4-Year Open Prospective Study
Introduction: Children with urolithiasis are associated with considerable morbidity and commonly associated with metabolic abnormalities. By treating these abnormalities stone formation is prevented. Objectives: To study the metabolic risk factors of urolithiasis in children and compare them wi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2016-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/7251/17265_CE[Ra1]_F(AK)_PF1(BMAK)_PFA(AK)_PF2(PAG).pdf |
| Summary: | Introduction: Children with urolithiasis are associated with
considerable morbidity and commonly associated with
metabolic abnormalities. By treating these abnormalities stone
formation is prevented.
Objectives: To study the metabolic risk factors of urolithiasis in
children and compare them with literature.
Materials and Methods: In open, prospective and observational
study, 75 children were evaluated from August 2010 to June
2014. In all patients’ dietary history, water intake and results of
laboratory findings were recorded. All urine samples obtained
from patients were without dietary restrictions. Reference
paediatric 24 hour urinary parameter was used according to
western literature.
Results: We investigated 75 patients with urolithiasis. Low
urine volume was found in 49 patients which is comparable with
previous studies indicating simple intervention as to increase
water intake. Low calcium intake was found in 44 patients
suggesting that low calcium intake is associated with higher
incidence of urolithiasis due to increased intestinal oxalate
absorption. Hypocalcaemia was found in 32 patients and 24
hour urinary abnormality was found in only 16 patients’. Both
these finding does not support previous literature. Stone
analysis finding does not correlate with urinary finding.
Conclusions: Low urine volume secondary to low water intake
is predominant finding. Hypocalcaemia is major metabolic
abnormality in contradiction to western literature. There are
no nomograms for urinary excretion of Calcium, uric acid,
oxalate and citrate in Indian children. Keeping the optimum
blood calcium level & increased fluid intake can prevent stone
formation in children. |
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| ISSN: | 2249-782X 0973-709X |