Etiology of Colitis-Complex Diarrhea in Growing Pigs: A Review
Colitis-complex diarrhea (CCD) in pigs can be defined as a type of diarrhea, which is associated with colonic inflammation and disrupted colonic gut barrier functionality in growing pigs (4–16 weeks post-weaning). It is a challenge for the pig industry as it is associated with the high use of antibi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/7/2151 |
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| author | Farhad M. Panah Charlotte Lauridsen Ole Højberg Tina Skau Nielsen |
| author_facet | Farhad M. Panah Charlotte Lauridsen Ole Højberg Tina Skau Nielsen |
| author_sort | Farhad M. Panah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Colitis-complex diarrhea (CCD) in pigs can be defined as a type of diarrhea, which is associated with colonic inflammation and disrupted colonic gut barrier functionality in growing pigs (4–16 weeks post-weaning). It is a challenge for the pig industry as it is associated with the high use of antibiotics, reduced animal welfare, and depressed growth rate. The exact etiology of CCD is still unclear; however, pathogens including <i>Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae, B. pilosicoli</i>, and swine whipworms such as <i>Trichuris (T.) suis</i> have been involved in specific colitis (SC). In the absence of specific pathogens, dietary factors, such as high levels of protein, pelleted feedstuffs, and lack of sufficient antioxidants, can result in non-specific colitis (NSC). On the other hand, supplement of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and polyphenols, sufficient supply of essential amino acids (e.g., threonine, cysteine, and proline), short-chain fatty acids (SCFA; especially butyrate), and resistant starch have shown to confer preventing/ameliorating effects on CCD. Different putative biomarkers associated with CCD have been presented. It is anticipated that a comprehensive picture of the possible causes of CCD and potential dietary interventions could cast light on the direction of future studies aimed at developing preventive and curative strategies against CCD in growing pigs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:48:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a05455a3e59e428dabd1511e881a5a2d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:48:10Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-a05455a3e59e428dabd1511e881a5a2d2023-11-22T03:03:19ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-07-01117215110.3390/ani11072151Etiology of Colitis-Complex Diarrhea in Growing Pigs: A ReviewFarhad M. Panah0Charlotte Lauridsen1Ole Højberg2Tina Skau Nielsen3Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, DenmarkDepartment of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, DenmarkDepartment of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, DenmarkDepartment of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, DenmarkColitis-complex diarrhea (CCD) in pigs can be defined as a type of diarrhea, which is associated with colonic inflammation and disrupted colonic gut barrier functionality in growing pigs (4–16 weeks post-weaning). It is a challenge for the pig industry as it is associated with the high use of antibiotics, reduced animal welfare, and depressed growth rate. The exact etiology of CCD is still unclear; however, pathogens including <i>Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae, B. pilosicoli</i>, and swine whipworms such as <i>Trichuris (T.) suis</i> have been involved in specific colitis (SC). In the absence of specific pathogens, dietary factors, such as high levels of protein, pelleted feedstuffs, and lack of sufficient antioxidants, can result in non-specific colitis (NSC). On the other hand, supplement of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and polyphenols, sufficient supply of essential amino acids (e.g., threonine, cysteine, and proline), short-chain fatty acids (SCFA; especially butyrate), and resistant starch have shown to confer preventing/ameliorating effects on CCD. Different putative biomarkers associated with CCD have been presented. It is anticipated that a comprehensive picture of the possible causes of CCD and potential dietary interventions could cast light on the direction of future studies aimed at developing preventive and curative strategies against CCD in growing pigs.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/7/2151colonic inflammationadult pigsbiomarkersdietary strategiesspecific colitisnon-specific colitis |
| spellingShingle | Farhad M. Panah Charlotte Lauridsen Ole Højberg Tina Skau Nielsen Etiology of Colitis-Complex Diarrhea in Growing Pigs: A Review Animals colonic inflammation adult pigs biomarkers dietary strategies specific colitis non-specific colitis |
| title | Etiology of Colitis-Complex Diarrhea in Growing Pigs: A Review |
| title_full | Etiology of Colitis-Complex Diarrhea in Growing Pigs: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Etiology of Colitis-Complex Diarrhea in Growing Pigs: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Etiology of Colitis-Complex Diarrhea in Growing Pigs: A Review |
| title_short | Etiology of Colitis-Complex Diarrhea in Growing Pigs: A Review |
| title_sort | etiology of colitis complex diarrhea in growing pigs a review |
| topic | colonic inflammation adult pigs biomarkers dietary strategies specific colitis non-specific colitis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/7/2151 |
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