Evaluation of the Feed Nutritional Value of Noni (<i>Morinda citrifolia</i>) Meal for Holstein Dairy Cows
In three consecutive studies, we evaluated the effects of noni <i>(Morinda citrifolia)</i> meal on rumen fermentation and degradation characteristics, production performance, physiological parameters, and milk fatty acid profile in Holstein dairy cows. In in vitro (first study) and in si...
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/17/2196 |
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| author | Sang-Hoon Keum Won-Seob Kim Jalil Ghassemi Nejad Jae-Sung Lee Yong-Ho Jo Ki-Yeon Park Yoo-Rae Kim Jang-Hoon Jo Hong-Gu Lee |
| author_facet | Sang-Hoon Keum Won-Seob Kim Jalil Ghassemi Nejad Jae-Sung Lee Yong-Ho Jo Ki-Yeon Park Yoo-Rae Kim Jang-Hoon Jo Hong-Gu Lee |
| author_sort | Sang-Hoon Keum |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In three consecutive studies, we evaluated the effects of noni <i>(Morinda citrifolia)</i> meal on rumen fermentation and degradation characteristics, production performance, physiological parameters, and milk fatty acid profile in Holstein dairy cows. In in vitro (first study) and in situ (second study) experiments, rumen fluids from two fistulated Holstein dairy cows were used. The concentration of noni meal added was 0 (control), 1, 3, 5, or 7% of the basal diet (DM basis). In the in situ experiment, wheat bran was used as a control. Triplicated bags were incubated for 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, or 96 h. In an in vivo experiment (third study), 38 Holstein cows (145 ± 87 days DIM; 1.8 ± 0.9 parity; 35.4 ± 6.3 kg/day milk yield) were equally assigned to the control and treatment groups (19 cows each). Basal feed and noni meal pellets (1.5% of total feed DM basis) were fed to the treatment group. The control group was also fed the basal feed and pellets containing 0% noni meal. There were no significant differences in in vitro dry matter digestibility, pH, total gas production (TGP), CH4, NH<sub>3</sub>-N, and volatile fatty acids (<i>p</i> > 0.05). In the in situ experiments, the crude protein (CP) rapidly soluble fraction ‘a’ (CP-a) was higher in noni meal than in wheat bran, and rumen degradable protein was also higher in noni meal than in wheat bran. In the in vivo experiments, when noni meal pellets were fed, there was no significant difference in milk yield and composition, but the triglyceride levels decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05), the C18:1 fatty acid level increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and the C18:0 fatty acid level decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Collectively, noni meal can be used as a feed ingredient up to 1.5% (total feed DM basis) in Holstein dairy cows and as feed supplementation to increase the C18:1 fatty acid level in milk. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:08:47Z |
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| id | doaj.art-a055014dc604412f9c8a58f00796310a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:08:47Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-a055014dc604412f9c8a58f00796310a2023-11-23T12:36:49ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-08-011217219610.3390/ani12172196Evaluation of the Feed Nutritional Value of Noni (<i>Morinda citrifolia</i>) Meal for Holstein Dairy CowsSang-Hoon Keum0Won-Seob Kim1Jalil Ghassemi Nejad2Jae-Sung Lee3Yong-Ho Jo4Ki-Yeon Park5Yoo-Rae Kim6Jang-Hoon Jo7Hong-Gu Lee8Department of Animal Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, KoreaDepartment of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USADepartment of Animal Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, KoreaDepartment of Animal Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, KoreaDepartment of Animal Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, KoreaDepartment of Animal Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, KoreaDepartment of Animal Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, KoreaDepartment of Animal Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, KoreaDepartment of Animal Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, KoreaIn three consecutive studies, we evaluated the effects of noni <i>(Morinda citrifolia)</i> meal on rumen fermentation and degradation characteristics, production performance, physiological parameters, and milk fatty acid profile in Holstein dairy cows. In in vitro (first study) and in situ (second study) experiments, rumen fluids from two fistulated Holstein dairy cows were used. The concentration of noni meal added was 0 (control), 1, 3, 5, or 7% of the basal diet (DM basis). In the in situ experiment, wheat bran was used as a control. Triplicated bags were incubated for 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, or 96 h. In an in vivo experiment (third study), 38 Holstein cows (145 ± 87 days DIM; 1.8 ± 0.9 parity; 35.4 ± 6.3 kg/day milk yield) were equally assigned to the control and treatment groups (19 cows each). Basal feed and noni meal pellets (1.5% of total feed DM basis) were fed to the treatment group. The control group was also fed the basal feed and pellets containing 0% noni meal. There were no significant differences in in vitro dry matter digestibility, pH, total gas production (TGP), CH4, NH<sub>3</sub>-N, and volatile fatty acids (<i>p</i> > 0.05). In the in situ experiments, the crude protein (CP) rapidly soluble fraction ‘a’ (CP-a) was higher in noni meal than in wheat bran, and rumen degradable protein was also higher in noni meal than in wheat bran. In the in vivo experiments, when noni meal pellets were fed, there was no significant difference in milk yield and composition, but the triglyceride levels decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05), the C18:1 fatty acid level increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and the C18:0 fatty acid level decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Collectively, noni meal can be used as a feed ingredient up to 1.5% (total feed DM basis) in Holstein dairy cows and as feed supplementation to increase the C18:1 fatty acid level in milk.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/17/2196noni mealHolstein dairy cowfeed-nutritional valuemilk fatty acids |
| spellingShingle | Sang-Hoon Keum Won-Seob Kim Jalil Ghassemi Nejad Jae-Sung Lee Yong-Ho Jo Ki-Yeon Park Yoo-Rae Kim Jang-Hoon Jo Hong-Gu Lee Evaluation of the Feed Nutritional Value of Noni (<i>Morinda citrifolia</i>) Meal for Holstein Dairy Cows Animals noni meal Holstein dairy cow feed-nutritional value milk fatty acids |
| title | Evaluation of the Feed Nutritional Value of Noni (<i>Morinda citrifolia</i>) Meal for Holstein Dairy Cows |
| title_full | Evaluation of the Feed Nutritional Value of Noni (<i>Morinda citrifolia</i>) Meal for Holstein Dairy Cows |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of the Feed Nutritional Value of Noni (<i>Morinda citrifolia</i>) Meal for Holstein Dairy Cows |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the Feed Nutritional Value of Noni (<i>Morinda citrifolia</i>) Meal for Holstein Dairy Cows |
| title_short | Evaluation of the Feed Nutritional Value of Noni (<i>Morinda citrifolia</i>) Meal for Holstein Dairy Cows |
| title_sort | evaluation of the feed nutritional value of noni i morinda citrifolia i meal for holstein dairy cows |
| topic | noni meal Holstein dairy cow feed-nutritional value milk fatty acids |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/17/2196 |
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