The IMBG Test for Evaluating the Pharmacodynamic Response to Immunosuppressive Therapy in Kidney Transplant Patients: Current Evidence and Future Applications
Immunosuppressive drugs are widely used to prevent rejection after kidney transplantation. However, the pharmacological response to a given immunosuppressant can vary markedly between individuals, with some showing poor treatment responses and/or experiencing serious side effects. There is an unmet...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5201 |
| _version_ | 1797611322811088896 |
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| author | Julio Pascual Marta Crespo Jose Portoles Carlos Jimenez Alvaro Ortega-Carrion Teresa Diez Isabel Portero |
| author_facet | Julio Pascual Marta Crespo Jose Portoles Carlos Jimenez Alvaro Ortega-Carrion Teresa Diez Isabel Portero |
| author_sort | Julio Pascual |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Immunosuppressive drugs are widely used to prevent rejection after kidney transplantation. However, the pharmacological response to a given immunosuppressant can vary markedly between individuals, with some showing poor treatment responses and/or experiencing serious side effects. There is an unmet need for diagnostic tools that allow clinicians to individually tailor immunosuppressive therapy to a patient’s immunological profile. The Immunobiogram (IMBG) is a novel blood-based in vitro diagnostic test that provides a pharmacodynamic readout of the immune response of individual patients to a range of immunosuppressants commonly used in kidney transplant recipients. Here, we discuss the current approaches used to measure the pharmacodynamic responses of individual patients to specific immunosuppressive drugs in vitro, which can then be correlated with patient’s clinical outcomes. We also describe the procedure of the IMBG assay, and summarize the results obtained using the IMBG in different kidney transplant populations. Finally, we outline future directions and other novel applications of the IMBG, both in kidney transplant patients and other autoimmune diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:27:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a0577df1139442b0aa10f613adf18544 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:27:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-a0577df1139442b0aa10f613adf185442023-11-17T11:30:32ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-03-01246520110.3390/ijms24065201The IMBG Test for Evaluating the Pharmacodynamic Response to Immunosuppressive Therapy in Kidney Transplant Patients: Current Evidence and Future ApplicationsJulio Pascual0Marta Crespo1Jose Portoles2Carlos Jimenez3Alvaro Ortega-Carrion4Teresa Diez5Isabel Portero6Nephrology Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, SpainNephrology Department, Hospital del Mar, Institut Mar for Medical Research, 08003 Barcelona, SpainNephrology Department, Hospital Puerta de Hierro Mahadahonda, Institute IDHIPHIM for Medical Research, 28222 Madrid, SpainNephrology Department, Hospital La Paz, 28046 Madrid, SpainBiohope Scientific Solutions for Human Health, 28760 Madrid, SpainBiohope Scientific Solutions for Human Health, 28760 Madrid, SpainBiohope Scientific Solutions for Human Health, 28760 Madrid, SpainImmunosuppressive drugs are widely used to prevent rejection after kidney transplantation. However, the pharmacological response to a given immunosuppressant can vary markedly between individuals, with some showing poor treatment responses and/or experiencing serious side effects. There is an unmet need for diagnostic tools that allow clinicians to individually tailor immunosuppressive therapy to a patient’s immunological profile. The Immunobiogram (IMBG) is a novel blood-based in vitro diagnostic test that provides a pharmacodynamic readout of the immune response of individual patients to a range of immunosuppressants commonly used in kidney transplant recipients. Here, we discuss the current approaches used to measure the pharmacodynamic responses of individual patients to specific immunosuppressive drugs in vitro, which can then be correlated with patient’s clinical outcomes. We also describe the procedure of the IMBG assay, and summarize the results obtained using the IMBG in different kidney transplant populations. Finally, we outline future directions and other novel applications of the IMBG, both in kidney transplant patients and other autoimmune diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5201transplant rejectionimmunosuppressive therapyinfectioncellular pharmacodynamicsimmune cell assay |
| spellingShingle | Julio Pascual Marta Crespo Jose Portoles Carlos Jimenez Alvaro Ortega-Carrion Teresa Diez Isabel Portero The IMBG Test for Evaluating the Pharmacodynamic Response to Immunosuppressive Therapy in Kidney Transplant Patients: Current Evidence and Future Applications International Journal of Molecular Sciences transplant rejection immunosuppressive therapy infection cellular pharmacodynamics immune cell assay |
| title | The IMBG Test for Evaluating the Pharmacodynamic Response to Immunosuppressive Therapy in Kidney Transplant Patients: Current Evidence and Future Applications |
| title_full | The IMBG Test for Evaluating the Pharmacodynamic Response to Immunosuppressive Therapy in Kidney Transplant Patients: Current Evidence and Future Applications |
| title_fullStr | The IMBG Test for Evaluating the Pharmacodynamic Response to Immunosuppressive Therapy in Kidney Transplant Patients: Current Evidence and Future Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | The IMBG Test for Evaluating the Pharmacodynamic Response to Immunosuppressive Therapy in Kidney Transplant Patients: Current Evidence and Future Applications |
| title_short | The IMBG Test for Evaluating the Pharmacodynamic Response to Immunosuppressive Therapy in Kidney Transplant Patients: Current Evidence and Future Applications |
| title_sort | imbg test for evaluating the pharmacodynamic response to immunosuppressive therapy in kidney transplant patients current evidence and future applications |
| topic | transplant rejection immunosuppressive therapy infection cellular pharmacodynamics immune cell assay |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5201 |
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