Mechanisms Underpinning Morphogenesis of a Symbiotic Organ Specialized for Hosting an Indispensable Microbial Symbiont in Stinkbugs
ABSTRACT Microbial mutualists are pivotal for insect adaptation, which often entails the evolution of elaborate organs for symbiosis. Addressing what mechanisms underpin the development of such organs is of evolutionary interest. Here, we investigated the stinkbug Plautia stali, whose posterior midg...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
American Society for Microbiology
2023-04-01
|
| Series: | mBio |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.00522-23 |
| _version_ | 1797839622399590400 |
|---|---|
| author | Sayumi Oishi Toshiyuki Harumoto Keiko Okamoto-Furuta Minoru Moriyama Takema Fukatsu |
| author_facet | Sayumi Oishi Toshiyuki Harumoto Keiko Okamoto-Furuta Minoru Moriyama Takema Fukatsu |
| author_sort | Sayumi Oishi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Microbial mutualists are pivotal for insect adaptation, which often entails the evolution of elaborate organs for symbiosis. Addressing what mechanisms underpin the development of such organs is of evolutionary interest. Here, we investigated the stinkbug Plautia stali, whose posterior midgut is transformed into a specialized symbiotic organ. Despite being a simple tube in newborns, it developed numerous crypts in four rows, whose inner cavity hosts a specific bacterial symbiont, during the 1st to 2nd nymphal instar stages. Visualization of dividing cells revealed that active cell proliferation was coincident with the crypt formation, although spatial patterns of the proliferating cells did not reflect the crypt arrangement. Visualization of visceral muscles in the midgut, consisting of circular muscles and longitudinal muscles, uncovered that, strikingly, circular muscles exhibited a characteristic arrangement running between the crypts specifically in the symbiotic organ. Even in the early 1st instar stage, when no crypts were seen, two rows of epithelial areas delineated by bifurcated circular muscles were identified. In the 2nd instar stage, crossing muscle fibers appeared and connected the adjacent circular muscles, whereby the midgut epithelium was divided into four rows of crypt-to-be areas. The crypt formation proceeded even in aposymbiotic nymphs, revealing the autonomous nature of the crypt development. We propose a mechanistic model of crypt formation wherein the spatial arrangement of muscle fibers and the proliferation of epithelial cells underpin the formation of crypts as midgut evaginations. IMPORTANCE Diverse organisms are associated with microbial mutualists, in which specialized host organs often develop for retaining the microbial partners. In light of the origin of evolutionary novelties, it is important to understand what mechanisms underpin the elaborate morphogenesis of such symbiotic organs, which must have been shaped through interactions with the microbial symbionts. Using the stinkbug Plautia stali as a model, we demonstrated that visceral muscular patterning and proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells during the early nymphal stages are involved in the formation of numerous symbiont-harboring crypts arranged in four rows in the posterior midgut to constitute the symbiotic organ. Strikingly, the crypt formation occurred normally even in symbiont-free nymphs, revealing that the crypt development proceeds autonomously. These findings suggest that the crypt formation is deeply implemented into the normal development of P. stali, which must reflect the considerably ancient evolutionary origin of the midgut symbiotic organ in stinkbugs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:59:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a0584ff3f3e54764bfb1770a3b8f83e3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2150-7511 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:59:48Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | mBio |
| spelling | doaj.art-a0584ff3f3e54764bfb1770a3b8f83e32023-04-25T13:04:57ZengAmerican Society for MicrobiologymBio2150-75112023-04-0114210.1128/mbio.00522-23Mechanisms Underpinning Morphogenesis of a Symbiotic Organ Specialized for Hosting an Indispensable Microbial Symbiont in StinkbugsSayumi Oishi0Toshiyuki Harumoto1Keiko Okamoto-Furuta2Minoru Moriyama3Takema Fukatsu4Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanHakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanDivision of Electron Microscopic Study, Center for Anatomical Studies, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanBioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, JapanDepartment of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanABSTRACT Microbial mutualists are pivotal for insect adaptation, which often entails the evolution of elaborate organs for symbiosis. Addressing what mechanisms underpin the development of such organs is of evolutionary interest. Here, we investigated the stinkbug Plautia stali, whose posterior midgut is transformed into a specialized symbiotic organ. Despite being a simple tube in newborns, it developed numerous crypts in four rows, whose inner cavity hosts a specific bacterial symbiont, during the 1st to 2nd nymphal instar stages. Visualization of dividing cells revealed that active cell proliferation was coincident with the crypt formation, although spatial patterns of the proliferating cells did not reflect the crypt arrangement. Visualization of visceral muscles in the midgut, consisting of circular muscles and longitudinal muscles, uncovered that, strikingly, circular muscles exhibited a characteristic arrangement running between the crypts specifically in the symbiotic organ. Even in the early 1st instar stage, when no crypts were seen, two rows of epithelial areas delineated by bifurcated circular muscles were identified. In the 2nd instar stage, crossing muscle fibers appeared and connected the adjacent circular muscles, whereby the midgut epithelium was divided into four rows of crypt-to-be areas. The crypt formation proceeded even in aposymbiotic nymphs, revealing the autonomous nature of the crypt development. We propose a mechanistic model of crypt formation wherein the spatial arrangement of muscle fibers and the proliferation of epithelial cells underpin the formation of crypts as midgut evaginations. IMPORTANCE Diverse organisms are associated with microbial mutualists, in which specialized host organs often develop for retaining the microbial partners. In light of the origin of evolutionary novelties, it is important to understand what mechanisms underpin the elaborate morphogenesis of such symbiotic organs, which must have been shaped through interactions with the microbial symbionts. Using the stinkbug Plautia stali as a model, we demonstrated that visceral muscular patterning and proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells during the early nymphal stages are involved in the formation of numerous symbiont-harboring crypts arranged in four rows in the posterior midgut to constitute the symbiotic organ. Strikingly, the crypt formation occurred normally even in symbiont-free nymphs, revealing that the crypt development proceeds autonomously. These findings suggest that the crypt formation is deeply implemented into the normal development of P. stali, which must reflect the considerably ancient evolutionary origin of the midgut symbiotic organ in stinkbugs.https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.00522-23Plautia stalistinkbugPantoea symbiontmidgut symbiotic organvisceral muscle fibermorphogenesis |
| spellingShingle | Sayumi Oishi Toshiyuki Harumoto Keiko Okamoto-Furuta Minoru Moriyama Takema Fukatsu Mechanisms Underpinning Morphogenesis of a Symbiotic Organ Specialized for Hosting an Indispensable Microbial Symbiont in Stinkbugs mBio Plautia stali stinkbug Pantoea symbiont midgut symbiotic organ visceral muscle fiber morphogenesis |
| title | Mechanisms Underpinning Morphogenesis of a Symbiotic Organ Specialized for Hosting an Indispensable Microbial Symbiont in Stinkbugs |
| title_full | Mechanisms Underpinning Morphogenesis of a Symbiotic Organ Specialized for Hosting an Indispensable Microbial Symbiont in Stinkbugs |
| title_fullStr | Mechanisms Underpinning Morphogenesis of a Symbiotic Organ Specialized for Hosting an Indispensable Microbial Symbiont in Stinkbugs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanisms Underpinning Morphogenesis of a Symbiotic Organ Specialized for Hosting an Indispensable Microbial Symbiont in Stinkbugs |
| title_short | Mechanisms Underpinning Morphogenesis of a Symbiotic Organ Specialized for Hosting an Indispensable Microbial Symbiont in Stinkbugs |
| title_sort | mechanisms underpinning morphogenesis of a symbiotic organ specialized for hosting an indispensable microbial symbiont in stinkbugs |
| topic | Plautia stali stinkbug Pantoea symbiont midgut symbiotic organ visceral muscle fiber morphogenesis |
| url | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.00522-23 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sayumioishi mechanismsunderpinningmorphogenesisofasymbioticorganspecializedforhostinganindispensablemicrobialsymbiontinstinkbugs AT toshiyukiharumoto mechanismsunderpinningmorphogenesisofasymbioticorganspecializedforhostinganindispensablemicrobialsymbiontinstinkbugs AT keikookamotofuruta mechanismsunderpinningmorphogenesisofasymbioticorganspecializedforhostinganindispensablemicrobialsymbiontinstinkbugs AT minorumoriyama mechanismsunderpinningmorphogenesisofasymbioticorganspecializedforhostinganindispensablemicrobialsymbiontinstinkbugs AT takemafukatsu mechanismsunderpinningmorphogenesisofasymbioticorganspecializedforhostinganindispensablemicrobialsymbiontinstinkbugs |