Challenges in the Detection of Clinically Useful Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Delirium in Older People in the Emergency Department—A Case–Control Study
Background: The identification of biomarkers associated with delirium in the emergency department could contribute to the understanding, prediction and diagnosis of this disorder. The present study was carried out to identify biomarkers included in easily and quickly obtained standard blood examinat...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Life |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/8/1127 |
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| author | Angela Soler-Sanchis Francisco Miguel Martínez-Arnau José Sánchez-Frutos Pilar Pérez-Ros |
| author_facet | Angela Soler-Sanchis Francisco Miguel Martínez-Arnau José Sánchez-Frutos Pilar Pérez-Ros |
| author_sort | Angela Soler-Sanchis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The identification of biomarkers associated with delirium in the emergency department could contribute to the understanding, prediction and diagnosis of this disorder. The present study was carried out to identify biomarkers included in easily and quickly obtained standard blood examinations in older patients with delirium in the emergency department. Methods: A case–control study was carried out in the emergency department of Francesc de Borja Hospital (Gandía, Valencia, Spain). Older adults (≥65 years of age) diagnosed with delirium (<i>n</i> = 128) were included. Cases due to alcohol or substance abuse were excluded. Controls were selected on a randomized basis from the remaining patients (<i>n</i> = 128). All laboratory test parameters included in the routine blood and urine tests of the emergency department were collected. Results: The mean age of the patients was 81.24 ± 7.51 years, and 56.2% were males, while the mean age of the controls was 78.97 ± 7.99 years, and 45.3% were males. Significant differences were found between the cases and controls in relation to the following parameters: urea 43 (32–58) mg/dL versus 50 (37–66) mg/dL, respectively; neutrophils 69.6 (62.05–78.75)% versus 75.5 (65.1–83.2)%; monocytes 8.7 (7–10.4)% versus 7.6 (5.5–9.2)%; platelets 213 (159–266) × 10<sup>9</sup>/L versus 224 (182–289) × 10<sup>9</sup>/L; neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio 3.88 (2.45–7.07) versus 5 (2.75–8.83); platelet–lymphocyte ratio 281.4 (210–360) versus 357.1 (257.8–457.1); and mean platelet volume 10.6 (10–11.5) fl versus 10.4 (9.67–10.9) fl. Although the mean values were above desirable levels in both groups, they were higher for most parameters in the control group. No significant differences were observed in C-reactive protein concentration (9.99 (1.69–51) mg/L versus 12.3 (3.09–65.97) mg/L). Conclusions: The identification of delirium biomarkers poses difficulties due to the urgent nature of the disorders found in older people admitted to the emergency department. Research in this field is needed, since it would allow early identification and treatment of delirium. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:05:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a05f3b82fb014b9dbd4343b5d2528f50 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:05:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
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| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-a05f3b82fb014b9dbd4343b5d2528f502023-11-30T21:48:50ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292022-07-01128112710.3390/life12081127Challenges in the Detection of Clinically Useful Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Delirium in Older People in the Emergency Department—A Case–Control StudyAngela Soler-Sanchis0Francisco Miguel Martínez-Arnau1José Sánchez-Frutos2Pilar Pérez-Ros3Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, SpainDepartment of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, Gascó Oliag 5, 46010 Valencia, SpainDepartment of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, Gascó Oliag 5, 46010 Valencia, SpainDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, SpainBackground: The identification of biomarkers associated with delirium in the emergency department could contribute to the understanding, prediction and diagnosis of this disorder. The present study was carried out to identify biomarkers included in easily and quickly obtained standard blood examinations in older patients with delirium in the emergency department. Methods: A case–control study was carried out in the emergency department of Francesc de Borja Hospital (Gandía, Valencia, Spain). Older adults (≥65 years of age) diagnosed with delirium (<i>n</i> = 128) were included. Cases due to alcohol or substance abuse were excluded. Controls were selected on a randomized basis from the remaining patients (<i>n</i> = 128). All laboratory test parameters included in the routine blood and urine tests of the emergency department were collected. Results: The mean age of the patients was 81.24 ± 7.51 years, and 56.2% were males, while the mean age of the controls was 78.97 ± 7.99 years, and 45.3% were males. Significant differences were found between the cases and controls in relation to the following parameters: urea 43 (32–58) mg/dL versus 50 (37–66) mg/dL, respectively; neutrophils 69.6 (62.05–78.75)% versus 75.5 (65.1–83.2)%; monocytes 8.7 (7–10.4)% versus 7.6 (5.5–9.2)%; platelets 213 (159–266) × 10<sup>9</sup>/L versus 224 (182–289) × 10<sup>9</sup>/L; neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio 3.88 (2.45–7.07) versus 5 (2.75–8.83); platelet–lymphocyte ratio 281.4 (210–360) versus 357.1 (257.8–457.1); and mean platelet volume 10.6 (10–11.5) fl versus 10.4 (9.67–10.9) fl. Although the mean values were above desirable levels in both groups, they were higher for most parameters in the control group. No significant differences were observed in C-reactive protein concentration (9.99 (1.69–51) mg/L versus 12.3 (3.09–65.97) mg/L). Conclusions: The identification of delirium biomarkers poses difficulties due to the urgent nature of the disorders found in older people admitted to the emergency department. Research in this field is needed, since it would allow early identification and treatment of delirium.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/8/1127biomarkersdeliriumolderemergency departmentchallenge |
| spellingShingle | Angela Soler-Sanchis Francisco Miguel Martínez-Arnau José Sánchez-Frutos Pilar Pérez-Ros Challenges in the Detection of Clinically Useful Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Delirium in Older People in the Emergency Department—A Case–Control Study Life biomarkers delirium older emergency department challenge |
| title | Challenges in the Detection of Clinically Useful Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Delirium in Older People in the Emergency Department—A Case–Control Study |
| title_full | Challenges in the Detection of Clinically Useful Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Delirium in Older People in the Emergency Department—A Case–Control Study |
| title_fullStr | Challenges in the Detection of Clinically Useful Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Delirium in Older People in the Emergency Department—A Case–Control Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Challenges in the Detection of Clinically Useful Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Delirium in Older People in the Emergency Department—A Case–Control Study |
| title_short | Challenges in the Detection of Clinically Useful Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Delirium in Older People in the Emergency Department—A Case–Control Study |
| title_sort | challenges in the detection of clinically useful biomarkers for the diagnosis of delirium in older people in the emergency department a case control study |
| topic | biomarkers delirium older emergency department challenge |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/8/1127 |
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