Effects of Organic Fertilizers with Different Maturities on Soil Improvement and Soybean Yield
The maturity degree of organic fertilizer affects its application effect, but this application effect difference and the underlying reasons for it remain largely unclear. This study explored the effects of cattle manure compost with different maturities on soybean yield, soil physicochemical propert...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/12/3004 |
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| author | Haotian Xie Yujie Wei Ceng Yi Yan Wang Zhuqing Zhao Xinwei Liu |
| author_facet | Haotian Xie Yujie Wei Ceng Yi Yan Wang Zhuqing Zhao Xinwei Liu |
| author_sort | Haotian Xie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The maturity degree of organic fertilizer affects its application effect, but this application effect difference and the underlying reasons for it remain largely unclear. This study explored the effects of cattle manure compost with different maturities on soybean yield, soil physicochemical properties, and biological properties, and the underlying reasons for the differences in the application effects of organic fertilizers with different maturities. The results showed that the T<sub>21d</sub> treatment (GI = 62.5%, germination index) had the optimal effect on increasing soybean yield, and its effect on improving basic soil physicochemical properties, active organic matter components, enzyme activity, and microbial diversity was the most obvious. Compared with the control (CK), the soybean yield was increased by 15.1% under T<sub>21d</sub> treatment, and the soil organic matter (OM), alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK) contents were increased by 29.9%, 25.0%, 22.2%, and 8.4%, respectively; the dissolved organic matter (DOM), extractable humus (HE), humic acid (HA), and fulvic acid (FA) contents in the soil were increased by 96.5%, 22.6%, 16.7%, and 30.6%, respectively; and the activities of soil phosphatase, neutral protease, urease, and cellulase were increased by 45.4%, 164.1%, 33.9%, and 128.9%, respectively. However, the fertilizer efficiency under the T<sub>28d</sub>, T<sub>45d</sub>, and T<sub>60d</sub> treatments with high-maturity organic fertilizers was lower than that under T<sub>21d</sub>. In general, the appropriate maturity of organic fertilizers has a positive effect on soil improvement and yield increase, but the excessive maturity of organic fertilizers reduces their application effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:04:39Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:04:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-a060835f33854acf9f2f55839e5455cd2023-12-22T13:46:38ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-12-011312300410.3390/agronomy13123004Effects of Organic Fertilizers with Different Maturities on Soil Improvement and Soybean YieldHaotian Xie0Yujie Wei1Ceng Yi2Yan Wang3Zhuqing Zhao4Xinwei Liu5Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaMicroelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaMicroelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaMicroelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaMicroelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaMicroelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaThe maturity degree of organic fertilizer affects its application effect, but this application effect difference and the underlying reasons for it remain largely unclear. This study explored the effects of cattle manure compost with different maturities on soybean yield, soil physicochemical properties, and biological properties, and the underlying reasons for the differences in the application effects of organic fertilizers with different maturities. The results showed that the T<sub>21d</sub> treatment (GI = 62.5%, germination index) had the optimal effect on increasing soybean yield, and its effect on improving basic soil physicochemical properties, active organic matter components, enzyme activity, and microbial diversity was the most obvious. Compared with the control (CK), the soybean yield was increased by 15.1% under T<sub>21d</sub> treatment, and the soil organic matter (OM), alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK) contents were increased by 29.9%, 25.0%, 22.2%, and 8.4%, respectively; the dissolved organic matter (DOM), extractable humus (HE), humic acid (HA), and fulvic acid (FA) contents in the soil were increased by 96.5%, 22.6%, 16.7%, and 30.6%, respectively; and the activities of soil phosphatase, neutral protease, urease, and cellulase were increased by 45.4%, 164.1%, 33.9%, and 128.9%, respectively. However, the fertilizer efficiency under the T<sub>28d</sub>, T<sub>45d</sub>, and T<sub>60d</sub> treatments with high-maturity organic fertilizers was lower than that under T<sub>21d</sub>. In general, the appropriate maturity of organic fertilizers has a positive effect on soil improvement and yield increase, but the excessive maturity of organic fertilizers reduces their application effects.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/12/3004cattle manure compostorganic componentenzyme activitymicrobial diversitysoil fertility |
| spellingShingle | Haotian Xie Yujie Wei Ceng Yi Yan Wang Zhuqing Zhao Xinwei Liu Effects of Organic Fertilizers with Different Maturities on Soil Improvement and Soybean Yield Agronomy cattle manure compost organic component enzyme activity microbial diversity soil fertility |
| title | Effects of Organic Fertilizers with Different Maturities on Soil Improvement and Soybean Yield |
| title_full | Effects of Organic Fertilizers with Different Maturities on Soil Improvement and Soybean Yield |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Organic Fertilizers with Different Maturities on Soil Improvement and Soybean Yield |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Organic Fertilizers with Different Maturities on Soil Improvement and Soybean Yield |
| title_short | Effects of Organic Fertilizers with Different Maturities on Soil Improvement and Soybean Yield |
| title_sort | effects of organic fertilizers with different maturities on soil improvement and soybean yield |
| topic | cattle manure compost organic component enzyme activity microbial diversity soil fertility |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/12/3004 |
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