Towards Void Hole Alleviation by Exploiting the Energy Efficient Path and by Providing the Interference-Free Proactive Routing Protocols in IoT Enabled Underwater WSNs
Nowadays, the Internet of Things enabled Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (IoT-UWSN) is suffering from serious performance restrictions, i.e., high End to End (E2E) delay, low energy efficiency, low data reliability, etc. The necessity of efficient, reliable, collision and interference-free commun...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-03-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/6/1313 |
| _version_ | 1818007973104975872 |
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| author | Muhammad Awais Nadeem Javaid Amjad Rehman Umar Qasim Musaed Alhussein Khursheed Aurangzeb |
| author_facet | Muhammad Awais Nadeem Javaid Amjad Rehman Umar Qasim Musaed Alhussein Khursheed Aurangzeb |
| author_sort | Muhammad Awais |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nowadays, the Internet of Things enabled Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (IoT-UWSN) is suffering from serious performance restrictions, i.e., high End to End (E2E) delay, low energy efficiency, low data reliability, etc. The necessity of efficient, reliable, collision and interference-free communication has become a challenging task for the researchers. However, the minimum Energy Consumption (EC) and low E2E delay increase the performance of the IoT-UWSN. Therefore, in the current work, two proactive routing protocols are presented, namely: Bellman–Ford Shortest Path-based Routing (BF-SPR-Three) and Energy-efficient Path-based Void hole and Interference-free Routing (EP-VIR-Three). Then we formalized the aforementioned problems to accomplish the reliable data transmission in Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN). The main objectives of this paper include minimum EC, interference-free transmission, void hole avoidance and high Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR). Furthermore, the algorithms for the proposed routing protocols are presented. Feasible regions using linear programming are also computed for optimal EC and to enhance the network lifespan. Comparative analysis is also performed with state-of-the-art proactive routing protocols. In the end, extensive simulations have been performed to authenticate the performance of the proposed routing protocols. Results and discussion disclose that the proposed routing protocols outperformed the counterparts significantly. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T05:22:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a062fabbbae2465986ae3423a0e19828 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T05:22:40Z |
| publishDate | 2019-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-a062fabbbae2465986ae3423a0e198282022-12-22T02:10:06ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202019-03-01196131310.3390/s19061313s19061313Towards Void Hole Alleviation by Exploiting the Energy Efficient Path and by Providing the Interference-Free Proactive Routing Protocols in IoT Enabled Underwater WSNsMuhammad Awais0Nadeem Javaid1Amjad Rehman2Umar Qasim3Musaed Alhussein4Khursheed Aurangzeb5Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, PakistanDepartment of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, PakistanCollege of Computer and Information Systems, Al Yamamah University, Riyadh 11512, Saudi ArabiaCameron Library, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J8, CanadaComputer Engineering Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi ArabiaComputer Engineering Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi ArabiaNowadays, the Internet of Things enabled Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (IoT-UWSN) is suffering from serious performance restrictions, i.e., high End to End (E2E) delay, low energy efficiency, low data reliability, etc. The necessity of efficient, reliable, collision and interference-free communication has become a challenging task for the researchers. However, the minimum Energy Consumption (EC) and low E2E delay increase the performance of the IoT-UWSN. Therefore, in the current work, two proactive routing protocols are presented, namely: Bellman–Ford Shortest Path-based Routing (BF-SPR-Three) and Energy-efficient Path-based Void hole and Interference-free Routing (EP-VIR-Three). Then we formalized the aforementioned problems to accomplish the reliable data transmission in Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN). The main objectives of this paper include minimum EC, interference-free transmission, void hole avoidance and high Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR). Furthermore, the algorithms for the proposed routing protocols are presented. Feasible regions using linear programming are also computed for optimal EC and to enhance the network lifespan. Comparative analysis is also performed with state-of-the-art proactive routing protocols. In the end, extensive simulations have been performed to authenticate the performance of the proposed routing protocols. Results and discussion disclose that the proposed routing protocols outperformed the counterparts significantly.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/6/1313energy efficientvoid holeshortest path based routingECdepth |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Awais Nadeem Javaid Amjad Rehman Umar Qasim Musaed Alhussein Khursheed Aurangzeb Towards Void Hole Alleviation by Exploiting the Energy Efficient Path and by Providing the Interference-Free Proactive Routing Protocols in IoT Enabled Underwater WSNs Sensors energy efficient void hole shortest path based routing EC depth |
| title | Towards Void Hole Alleviation by Exploiting the Energy Efficient Path and by Providing the Interference-Free Proactive Routing Protocols in IoT Enabled Underwater WSNs |
| title_full | Towards Void Hole Alleviation by Exploiting the Energy Efficient Path and by Providing the Interference-Free Proactive Routing Protocols in IoT Enabled Underwater WSNs |
| title_fullStr | Towards Void Hole Alleviation by Exploiting the Energy Efficient Path and by Providing the Interference-Free Proactive Routing Protocols in IoT Enabled Underwater WSNs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Towards Void Hole Alleviation by Exploiting the Energy Efficient Path and by Providing the Interference-Free Proactive Routing Protocols in IoT Enabled Underwater WSNs |
| title_short | Towards Void Hole Alleviation by Exploiting the Energy Efficient Path and by Providing the Interference-Free Proactive Routing Protocols in IoT Enabled Underwater WSNs |
| title_sort | towards void hole alleviation by exploiting the energy efficient path and by providing the interference free proactive routing protocols in iot enabled underwater wsns |
| topic | energy efficient void hole shortest path based routing EC depth |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/6/1313 |
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