Characteristics of Atmospheric Inorganic Nitrogen Wet Deposition in Coastal Urban Areas of Xiamen, China
To evaluate the impact of increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition input to the coastal ecosystem, measurements were conducted to analyze the inorganic nitrogen wet deposition to Xiamen Island during April to August in 2014. Using ion chromatography and shown to contain main nine water-soluble ion...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| author | Yao Feng Shuhui Zhao Shanshan Wang Qi Lin Yang Luo Suqing Xu Hang Yang Jun Shi Miming Zhang Liping Jiao Jinpei Yan |
| author_facet | Yao Feng Shuhui Zhao Shanshan Wang Qi Lin Yang Luo Suqing Xu Hang Yang Jun Shi Miming Zhang Liping Jiao Jinpei Yan |
| author_sort | Yao Feng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To evaluate the impact of increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition input to the coastal ecosystem, measurements were conducted to analyze the inorganic nitrogen wet deposition to Xiamen Island during April to August in 2014. Using ion chromatography and shown to contain main nine water-soluble ions—including Na<sup>+</sup>, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>, NO<sup>−</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>—we analyzed the composition of the wet deposition sample and verified the contribution of different ions to the different sources. The results showed that the mean NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N concentration in rainfall for five months was 4.55 ± 5.15 mg·L<sup>−1</sup> (<i>n</i> = 31) and 1.20 ± 1.16 mg·L<sup>−1</sup> (<i>n</i> = 33), respectively. Highest NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N (74.65 mg·N·L<sup>−1</sup>) and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N (16.06 mg N·L<sup>−1</sup>) values were both observed in May. Maximum NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N deposition (507.5 mg·N·m<sup>−2</sup>) was also in May, while the highest NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N deposition (99.8 mg·N·m<sup>−2</sup>) was in June. The total inorganic wet nitrogen flux during sampling period was 11.1 kg·N·ha<sup>−1</sup>. The HYSPLIT backward air masses trajectory and USEPA PMF model was used, as the composition of the air masses passing over the sample area were impacted from three sources: fertilizers and biomass combustion, formation of secondary aerosol, and Marine aerosols. The concentration ratio of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> in ranged between 0.5 and 3 in rainfall samples with an average of 1.34, suggesting that the contribution from vehicle exhaust to air pollution in the sample area is increasing. Long-term continuous monitoring of wet deposition in this region needs to be expanded to fully understand the impacts of human activity on air quality and to quantify N deposition to local marine ecosystems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:42:26Z |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj.art-a068e530bb82435487b73dcf5451c0ba2023-11-22T22:24:31ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332021-11-011211144710.3390/atmos12111447Characteristics of Atmospheric Inorganic Nitrogen Wet Deposition in Coastal Urban Areas of Xiamen, ChinaYao Feng0Shuhui Zhao1Shanshan Wang2Qi Lin3Yang Luo4Suqing Xu5Hang Yang6Jun Shi7Miming Zhang8Liping Jiao9Jinpei Yan10Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, MNR, Xiamen 361005, ChinaKey Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, MNR, Xiamen 361005, ChinaKey Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, MNR, Xiamen 361005, ChinaKey Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, MNR, Xiamen 361005, ChinaKey Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, MNR, Xiamen 361005, ChinaKey Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, MNR, Xiamen 361005, ChinaKey Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, MNR, Xiamen 361005, ChinaKey Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, MNR, Xiamen 361005, ChinaKey Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, MNR, Xiamen 361005, ChinaKey Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, MNR, Xiamen 361005, ChinaKey Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, MNR, Xiamen 361005, ChinaTo evaluate the impact of increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition input to the coastal ecosystem, measurements were conducted to analyze the inorganic nitrogen wet deposition to Xiamen Island during April to August in 2014. Using ion chromatography and shown to contain main nine water-soluble ions—including Na<sup>+</sup>, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>, NO<sup>−</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>—we analyzed the composition of the wet deposition sample and verified the contribution of different ions to the different sources. The results showed that the mean NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N concentration in rainfall for five months was 4.55 ± 5.15 mg·L<sup>−1</sup> (<i>n</i> = 31) and 1.20 ± 1.16 mg·L<sup>−1</sup> (<i>n</i> = 33), respectively. Highest NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N (74.65 mg·N·L<sup>−1</sup>) and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N (16.06 mg N·L<sup>−1</sup>) values were both observed in May. Maximum NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N deposition (507.5 mg·N·m<sup>−2</sup>) was also in May, while the highest NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N deposition (99.8 mg·N·m<sup>−2</sup>) was in June. The total inorganic wet nitrogen flux during sampling period was 11.1 kg·N·ha<sup>−1</sup>. The HYSPLIT backward air masses trajectory and USEPA PMF model was used, as the composition of the air masses passing over the sample area were impacted from three sources: fertilizers and biomass combustion, formation of secondary aerosol, and Marine aerosols. The concentration ratio of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> in ranged between 0.5 and 3 in rainfall samples with an average of 1.34, suggesting that the contribution from vehicle exhaust to air pollution in the sample area is increasing. Long-term continuous monitoring of wet deposition in this region needs to be expanded to fully understand the impacts of human activity on air quality and to quantify N deposition to local marine ecosystems.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/11/1447wet depositionwater-soluble ionsinorganic nitrogen deposition fluxes |
| spellingShingle | Yao Feng Shuhui Zhao Shanshan Wang Qi Lin Yang Luo Suqing Xu Hang Yang Jun Shi Miming Zhang Liping Jiao Jinpei Yan Characteristics of Atmospheric Inorganic Nitrogen Wet Deposition in Coastal Urban Areas of Xiamen, China Atmosphere wet deposition water-soluble ions inorganic nitrogen deposition fluxes |
| title | Characteristics of Atmospheric Inorganic Nitrogen Wet Deposition in Coastal Urban Areas of Xiamen, China |
| title_full | Characteristics of Atmospheric Inorganic Nitrogen Wet Deposition in Coastal Urban Areas of Xiamen, China |
| title_fullStr | Characteristics of Atmospheric Inorganic Nitrogen Wet Deposition in Coastal Urban Areas of Xiamen, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characteristics of Atmospheric Inorganic Nitrogen Wet Deposition in Coastal Urban Areas of Xiamen, China |
| title_short | Characteristics of Atmospheric Inorganic Nitrogen Wet Deposition in Coastal Urban Areas of Xiamen, China |
| title_sort | characteristics of atmospheric inorganic nitrogen wet deposition in coastal urban areas of xiamen china |
| topic | wet deposition water-soluble ions inorganic nitrogen deposition fluxes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/11/1447 |
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