Detecting Traces of 17α-Ethinylestradiol in Complex Water Matrices
Hormones have a harmful impact on the environment and their detection in water bodies is an urgent matter. In this work, we present and analyze a sensor device able to detect traces of the synthetic hormone 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) below 10<sup>−9</sup> M in media of different complexi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/24/7324 |
| _version_ | 1797544085666398208 |
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| author | Paulo M Zagalo Paulo A Ribeiro Maria Raposo |
| author_facet | Paulo M Zagalo Paulo A Ribeiro Maria Raposo |
| author_sort | Paulo M Zagalo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hormones have a harmful impact on the environment and their detection in water bodies is an urgent matter. In this work, we present and analyze a sensor device able to detect traces of the synthetic hormone 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) below 10<sup>−9</sup> M in media of different complexities, namely, ultrapure, mineral and tap waters. This device consists of solid supports with interdigitated electrodes without and with a polyethylenimine (PEI) and poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) layer-by-layer film deposited on it. Device response was evaluated through capacitance, loss tangent and electric modulus spectra and the data were analyzed by principal component analysis method. While the three types of spectra were demonstrated to be able to clearly discriminate the different media, loss tangent spectra allow for the detection of EE2 concentration, with a sensitivity of −0.072 ± 0.009 and −0.44 ± 0.03 per decade of concentration, for mineral and tap water, respectively. Detection limits values were found to be lower than the ones present in the literature and presenting values of 8.6 fM (2.6 pg/L) and of 7.5 fM (22.2 pg/L) for tap and mineral waters, respectively. Moreover, the obtained response values follow the same behavior with EE2 concentration in any medium, meaning that loss tangent spectra allow the quantification of EE2 concentration in aqueous complex matrices. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:54:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a06c17932ee8480b8c1f7b37f675c3c4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:54:27Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-a06c17932ee8480b8c1f7b37f675c3c42023-11-21T01:44:37ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-12-012024732410.3390/s20247324Detecting Traces of 17α-Ethinylestradiol in Complex Water MatricesPaulo M Zagalo0Paulo A Ribeiro1Maria Raposo2CEFITEC, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, PortugalCEFITEC, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, PortugalCEFITEC, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, PortugalHormones have a harmful impact on the environment and their detection in water bodies is an urgent matter. In this work, we present and analyze a sensor device able to detect traces of the synthetic hormone 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) below 10<sup>−9</sup> M in media of different complexities, namely, ultrapure, mineral and tap waters. This device consists of solid supports with interdigitated electrodes without and with a polyethylenimine (PEI) and poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) layer-by-layer film deposited on it. Device response was evaluated through capacitance, loss tangent and electric modulus spectra and the data were analyzed by principal component analysis method. While the three types of spectra were demonstrated to be able to clearly discriminate the different media, loss tangent spectra allow for the detection of EE2 concentration, with a sensitivity of −0.072 ± 0.009 and −0.44 ± 0.03 per decade of concentration, for mineral and tap water, respectively. Detection limits values were found to be lower than the ones present in the literature and presenting values of 8.6 fM (2.6 pg/L) and of 7.5 fM (22.2 pg/L) for tap and mineral waters, respectively. Moreover, the obtained response values follow the same behavior with EE2 concentration in any medium, meaning that loss tangent spectra allow the quantification of EE2 concentration in aqueous complex matrices.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/24/7324EE2hormoneimpedancecapacitanceloss tangentelectric modulus |
| spellingShingle | Paulo M Zagalo Paulo A Ribeiro Maria Raposo Detecting Traces of 17α-Ethinylestradiol in Complex Water Matrices Sensors EE2 hormone impedance capacitance loss tangent electric modulus |
| title | Detecting Traces of 17α-Ethinylestradiol in Complex Water Matrices |
| title_full | Detecting Traces of 17α-Ethinylestradiol in Complex Water Matrices |
| title_fullStr | Detecting Traces of 17α-Ethinylestradiol in Complex Water Matrices |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detecting Traces of 17α-Ethinylestradiol in Complex Water Matrices |
| title_short | Detecting Traces of 17α-Ethinylestradiol in Complex Water Matrices |
| title_sort | detecting traces of 17α ethinylestradiol in complex water matrices |
| topic | EE2 hormone impedance capacitance loss tangent electric modulus |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/24/7324 |
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