Assessment of In Vitro Immunostimulatory Activity of an Adjuvanted Whole-Cell Inactivated <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> Microparticle Vaccine Formulation
The emergence of drug-resistant gonorrhea infections worldwide combined with the lack of a vaccine is alarming. We prepared a novel microparticulate (MP) vaccine formulation using whole-cell inactivated <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> as the vaccine antigen, with Alum and AddaVax™ as vaccin...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/7/983 |
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| author | Priyal Bagwe Lotika Bajaj Rikhav P. Gala Martin J. D‘Souza Susu M. Zughaier |
| author_facet | Priyal Bagwe Lotika Bajaj Rikhav P. Gala Martin J. D‘Souza Susu M. Zughaier |
| author_sort | Priyal Bagwe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The emergence of drug-resistant gonorrhea infections worldwide combined with the lack of a vaccine is alarming. We prepared a novel microparticulate (MP) vaccine formulation using whole-cell inactivated <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> as the vaccine antigen, with Alum and AddaVax™ as vaccine adjuvants. The adjuvanted vaccine MP formulation was assessed for in vitro immunostimulatory activity, autophagy, and antigen presentation ability. The data shows that the adjuvanted gonococci vaccine MP enhanced autophagy induction in antigen presenting cells (APCs) compared to gonococci vaccine MP without adjuvants, which is important for enhancing antigen presentation. In addition, the adjuvanted vaccine formulation increased the surface expression of antigen presenting molecules MHCI and MHCII as well as co-stimulatory molecules CD40 and CD86 on the surface of dendritic cells. In addition, the gonococci vaccine microparticles at lower doses did not significantly increase the expression of the death receptor CD95 in APCs, which when elevated leads to suboptimal antigen presentation and reduced immune responses. The adjuvanted whole-cell inactivated gonococci microparticle vaccine formulation enhanced antigen uptake, processing, and antigen presentation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:54:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a06f7f927d4b42f4b2caf975a3a0814f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:54:06Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-a06f7f927d4b42f4b2caf975a3a0814f2023-11-30T22:02:10ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2022-06-0110798310.3390/vaccines10070983Assessment of In Vitro Immunostimulatory Activity of an Adjuvanted Whole-Cell Inactivated <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> Microparticle Vaccine FormulationPriyal Bagwe0Lotika Bajaj1Rikhav P. Gala2Martin J. D‘Souza3Susu M. Zughaier4Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Drug Delivery Research, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USAVaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Drug Delivery Research, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USAFraunhofer USA, Center Mid-Atlantic, Biotechnology Division, 9, Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19011, USAVaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Center for Drug Delivery Research, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USADepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2731, QatarThe emergence of drug-resistant gonorrhea infections worldwide combined with the lack of a vaccine is alarming. We prepared a novel microparticulate (MP) vaccine formulation using whole-cell inactivated <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> as the vaccine antigen, with Alum and AddaVax™ as vaccine adjuvants. The adjuvanted vaccine MP formulation was assessed for in vitro immunostimulatory activity, autophagy, and antigen presentation ability. The data shows that the adjuvanted gonococci vaccine MP enhanced autophagy induction in antigen presenting cells (APCs) compared to gonococci vaccine MP without adjuvants, which is important for enhancing antigen presentation. In addition, the adjuvanted vaccine formulation increased the surface expression of antigen presenting molecules MHCI and MHCII as well as co-stimulatory molecules CD40 and CD86 on the surface of dendritic cells. In addition, the gonococci vaccine microparticles at lower doses did not significantly increase the expression of the death receptor CD95 in APCs, which when elevated leads to suboptimal antigen presentation and reduced immune responses. The adjuvanted whole-cell inactivated gonococci microparticle vaccine formulation enhanced antigen uptake, processing, and antigen presentation.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/7/983<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>microparticlesvaccinesantigen presentationautophagygonorrhea |
| spellingShingle | Priyal Bagwe Lotika Bajaj Rikhav P. Gala Martin J. D‘Souza Susu M. Zughaier Assessment of In Vitro Immunostimulatory Activity of an Adjuvanted Whole-Cell Inactivated <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> Microparticle Vaccine Formulation Vaccines <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> microparticles vaccines antigen presentation autophagy gonorrhea |
| title | Assessment of In Vitro Immunostimulatory Activity of an Adjuvanted Whole-Cell Inactivated <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> Microparticle Vaccine Formulation |
| title_full | Assessment of In Vitro Immunostimulatory Activity of an Adjuvanted Whole-Cell Inactivated <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> Microparticle Vaccine Formulation |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of In Vitro Immunostimulatory Activity of an Adjuvanted Whole-Cell Inactivated <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> Microparticle Vaccine Formulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of In Vitro Immunostimulatory Activity of an Adjuvanted Whole-Cell Inactivated <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> Microparticle Vaccine Formulation |
| title_short | Assessment of In Vitro Immunostimulatory Activity of an Adjuvanted Whole-Cell Inactivated <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> Microparticle Vaccine Formulation |
| title_sort | assessment of in vitro immunostimulatory activity of an adjuvanted whole cell inactivated i neisseria gonorrhoeae i microparticle vaccine formulation |
| topic | <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> microparticles vaccines antigen presentation autophagy gonorrhea |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/7/983 |
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