Gut Bacteria Promote Phosphine Susceptibility of <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> by Aggravating Oxidative Stress and Fitness Costs
Knowledge about resistance mechanisms can provide ideas for pesticide resistance management. Although several studies have unveiled the positive or negative impacts of gut microbes on host pesticide resistance, minimal research is available regarding the association between gut microbes and host pho...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/14/10/815 |
| _version_ | 1797573574111789056 |
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| author | Zhengyan Wang Shan Zhang Zhiyuan Liu Zhenzhen Chang Haisheng Hu |
| author_facet | Zhengyan Wang Shan Zhang Zhiyuan Liu Zhenzhen Chang Haisheng Hu |
| author_sort | Zhengyan Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Knowledge about resistance mechanisms can provide ideas for pesticide resistance management. Although several studies have unveiled the positive or negative impacts of gut microbes on host pesticide resistance, minimal research is available regarding the association between gut microbes and host phosphine resistance. To explore the influence of gut bacteria on host phosphine susceptibility and its molecular basis, mortality, fitness, redox responses, and immune responses of adult <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> were determined when it was challenged by phosphine exposure and/or gut bacteria inoculation. Five cultivable gut bacteria were excised from a population of phosphine-resistant <i>T</i>. <i>castaneum</i>. Among them, only <i>Enterococcus</i> sp. inoculation significantly promoted host susceptibility to phosphine, while inoculation of any other gut bacteria had no significant effect on host phosphine susceptibility. Furthermore, when <i>T</i>. <i>castaneum</i> was exposed to phosphine, <i>Enterococcus</i> sp. inoculation decreased the female fecundity, promoted host oxidative stress, and suppressed the expression and activity of host superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase. In the absence of phosphine, <i>Enterococcus</i> sp. inoculation also elicited overactive immune responses in <i>T</i>. <i>castaneum</i>, including the immune deficiency and Toll signaling pathways and the dual oxidase–reactive oxygen species system. These results indicate that <i>Enterococcus</i> sp. likely promotes host phosphine susceptibility by aggravating oxidative stress and fitness costs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:11:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a07151e6cad245708bac86afe2f98caf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:11:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-a07151e6cad245708bac86afe2f98caf2023-11-19T16:49:56ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502023-10-01141081510.3390/insects14100815Gut Bacteria Promote Phosphine Susceptibility of <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> by Aggravating Oxidative Stress and Fitness CostsZhengyan Wang0Shan Zhang1Zhiyuan Liu2Zhenzhen Chang3Haisheng Hu4School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaKnowledge about resistance mechanisms can provide ideas for pesticide resistance management. Although several studies have unveiled the positive or negative impacts of gut microbes on host pesticide resistance, minimal research is available regarding the association between gut microbes and host phosphine resistance. To explore the influence of gut bacteria on host phosphine susceptibility and its molecular basis, mortality, fitness, redox responses, and immune responses of adult <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> were determined when it was challenged by phosphine exposure and/or gut bacteria inoculation. Five cultivable gut bacteria were excised from a population of phosphine-resistant <i>T</i>. <i>castaneum</i>. Among them, only <i>Enterococcus</i> sp. inoculation significantly promoted host susceptibility to phosphine, while inoculation of any other gut bacteria had no significant effect on host phosphine susceptibility. Furthermore, when <i>T</i>. <i>castaneum</i> was exposed to phosphine, <i>Enterococcus</i> sp. inoculation decreased the female fecundity, promoted host oxidative stress, and suppressed the expression and activity of host superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase. In the absence of phosphine, <i>Enterococcus</i> sp. inoculation also elicited overactive immune responses in <i>T</i>. <i>castaneum</i>, including the immune deficiency and Toll signaling pathways and the dual oxidase–reactive oxygen species system. These results indicate that <i>Enterococcus</i> sp. likely promotes host phosphine susceptibility by aggravating oxidative stress and fitness costs.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/14/10/815red flour beetlefumigantpesticide resistancegut bacteriafitness costoxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Zhengyan Wang Shan Zhang Zhiyuan Liu Zhenzhen Chang Haisheng Hu Gut Bacteria Promote Phosphine Susceptibility of <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> by Aggravating Oxidative Stress and Fitness Costs Insects red flour beetle fumigant pesticide resistance gut bacteria fitness cost oxidative stress |
| title | Gut Bacteria Promote Phosphine Susceptibility of <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> by Aggravating Oxidative Stress and Fitness Costs |
| title_full | Gut Bacteria Promote Phosphine Susceptibility of <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> by Aggravating Oxidative Stress and Fitness Costs |
| title_fullStr | Gut Bacteria Promote Phosphine Susceptibility of <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> by Aggravating Oxidative Stress and Fitness Costs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gut Bacteria Promote Phosphine Susceptibility of <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> by Aggravating Oxidative Stress and Fitness Costs |
| title_short | Gut Bacteria Promote Phosphine Susceptibility of <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> by Aggravating Oxidative Stress and Fitness Costs |
| title_sort | gut bacteria promote phosphine susceptibility of i tribolium castaneum i by aggravating oxidative stress and fitness costs |
| topic | red flour beetle fumigant pesticide resistance gut bacteria fitness cost oxidative stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/14/10/815 |
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