Life and Death Decisions—The Many Faces of Autophagy in Cell Survival and Cell Death
Autophagy is a process conserved from yeast to humans. Since the discovery of autophagy, its physiological role in cell survival and cell death has been intensively investigated. The inherent ability of the autophagy machinery to sequester, deliver, and degrade cytoplasmic components enables autopha...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-06-01
|
| Series: | Biomolecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/7/866 |
| _version_ | 1797407383880728576 |
|---|---|
| author | Ge Yu Daniel J. Klionsky |
| author_facet | Ge Yu Daniel J. Klionsky |
| author_sort | Ge Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Autophagy is a process conserved from yeast to humans. Since the discovery of autophagy, its physiological role in cell survival and cell death has been intensively investigated. The inherent ability of the autophagy machinery to sequester, deliver, and degrade cytoplasmic components enables autophagy to participate in cell survival and cell death in multiple ways. The primary role of autophagy is to send cytoplasmic components to the vacuole or lysosomes for degradation. By fine-tuning autophagy, the cell regulates the removal and recycling of cytoplasmic components in response to various stress or signals. Recent research has shown the implications of the autophagy machinery in other pathways independent of lysosomal degradation, expanding the pro-survival role of autophagy. Autophagy also facilitates certain forms of regulated cell death. In addition, there is complex crosstalk between autophagy and regulated cell death pathways, with a number of genes shared between them, further suggesting a deeper connection between autophagy and cell death. Finally, the mitochondrion presents an example where the cell utilizes autophagy to strike a balance between cell survival and cell death. In this review, we consider the current knowledge on the physiological role of autophagy as well as its regulation and discuss the multiple functions of autophagy in cell survival and cell death. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:40:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a0936508805e4bc9be484fbd9504d377 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:40:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-a0936508805e4bc9be484fbd9504d3772023-12-03T14:41:44ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2022-06-0112786610.3390/biom12070866Life and Death Decisions—The Many Faces of Autophagy in Cell Survival and Cell DeathGe Yu0Daniel J. Klionsky1Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USALife Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USAAutophagy is a process conserved from yeast to humans. Since the discovery of autophagy, its physiological role in cell survival and cell death has been intensively investigated. The inherent ability of the autophagy machinery to sequester, deliver, and degrade cytoplasmic components enables autophagy to participate in cell survival and cell death in multiple ways. The primary role of autophagy is to send cytoplasmic components to the vacuole or lysosomes for degradation. By fine-tuning autophagy, the cell regulates the removal and recycling of cytoplasmic components in response to various stress or signals. Recent research has shown the implications of the autophagy machinery in other pathways independent of lysosomal degradation, expanding the pro-survival role of autophagy. Autophagy also facilitates certain forms of regulated cell death. In addition, there is complex crosstalk between autophagy and regulated cell death pathways, with a number of genes shared between them, further suggesting a deeper connection between autophagy and cell death. Finally, the mitochondrion presents an example where the cell utilizes autophagy to strike a balance between cell survival and cell death. In this review, we consider the current knowledge on the physiological role of autophagy as well as its regulation and discuss the multiple functions of autophagy in cell survival and cell death.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/7/866cellular homeostasislysosomemitophagyneurodegenerationstress |
| spellingShingle | Ge Yu Daniel J. Klionsky Life and Death Decisions—The Many Faces of Autophagy in Cell Survival and Cell Death Biomolecules cellular homeostasis lysosome mitophagy neurodegeneration stress |
| title | Life and Death Decisions—The Many Faces of Autophagy in Cell Survival and Cell Death |
| title_full | Life and Death Decisions—The Many Faces of Autophagy in Cell Survival and Cell Death |
| title_fullStr | Life and Death Decisions—The Many Faces of Autophagy in Cell Survival and Cell Death |
| title_full_unstemmed | Life and Death Decisions—The Many Faces of Autophagy in Cell Survival and Cell Death |
| title_short | Life and Death Decisions—The Many Faces of Autophagy in Cell Survival and Cell Death |
| title_sort | life and death decisions the many faces of autophagy in cell survival and cell death |
| topic | cellular homeostasis lysosome mitophagy neurodegeneration stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/7/866 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT geyu lifeanddeathdecisionsthemanyfacesofautophagyincellsurvivalandcelldeath AT danieljklionsky lifeanddeathdecisionsthemanyfacesofautophagyincellsurvivalandcelldeath |