Analyses of Pellets Produced from Spruce Sawdust, Spruce Bark, and Pine Cones in Different Proportions
A lot of residual biomass has energy value and can be used for further applications through suitable treatments, such as pelletization. This treatment can improve properties, mainly energy density, but can also lead to problems due to their low ash melting temperatures, high ash content, and the for...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/8/2725 |
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| author | Nikola Čajová Kantová Michal Holubčík Alexander Čaja Juraj Trnka Jozef Jandačka |
| author_facet | Nikola Čajová Kantová Michal Holubčík Alexander Čaja Juraj Trnka Jozef Jandačka |
| author_sort | Nikola Čajová Kantová |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A lot of residual biomass has energy value and can be used for further applications through suitable treatments, such as pelletization. This treatment can improve properties, mainly energy density, but can also lead to problems due to their low ash melting temperatures, high ash content, and the formation of harmful compounds during combustion. This article deals with the energy potential of pellets produced from spruce sawdust, spruce bark, and pine cones in different proportions. The impact of cone and bark contents on pellet properties was also observed. The energy properties of the produced pellets were measured, such as the contents of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, moisture, volatile, fixed carbon, and ash, as well as calorific values and ash melting temperatures. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the addition of pine cones and spruce bark to spruce sawdust mainly affected the contents of nitrogen and ash and melting temperatures. Despite this, all produced pellets met the standard EN ISO 17225-2 for the content of nitrogen, ash, and also lower calorific value at least B quality. However, only three pellet samples of five met this standard for A2 and B quality for ash melting behavior. Therefore, they present an alternative fuel with interesting energy potential. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:44:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a09c104fc7234087b76ffdc1ade9c381 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:44:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-a09c104fc7234087b76ffdc1ade9c3812023-11-30T21:02:46ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-04-01158272510.3390/en15082725Analyses of Pellets Produced from Spruce Sawdust, Spruce Bark, and Pine Cones in Different ProportionsNikola Čajová Kantová0Michal Holubčík1Alexander Čaja2Juraj Trnka3Jozef Jandačka4Research Centre, University of Žilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Žilina, SlovakiaDepartment of Power Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Žilina, SlovakiaDepartment of Power Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Žilina, SlovakiaResearch Centre, University of Žilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Žilina, SlovakiaDepartment of Power Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Žilina, SlovakiaA lot of residual biomass has energy value and can be used for further applications through suitable treatments, such as pelletization. This treatment can improve properties, mainly energy density, but can also lead to problems due to their low ash melting temperatures, high ash content, and the formation of harmful compounds during combustion. This article deals with the energy potential of pellets produced from spruce sawdust, spruce bark, and pine cones in different proportions. The impact of cone and bark contents on pellet properties was also observed. The energy properties of the produced pellets were measured, such as the contents of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, moisture, volatile, fixed carbon, and ash, as well as calorific values and ash melting temperatures. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the addition of pine cones and spruce bark to spruce sawdust mainly affected the contents of nitrogen and ash and melting temperatures. Despite this, all produced pellets met the standard EN ISO 17225-2 for the content of nitrogen, ash, and also lower calorific value at least B quality. However, only three pellet samples of five met this standard for A2 and B quality for ash melting behavior. Therefore, they present an alternative fuel with interesting energy potential.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/8/2725biofuelspelletsconesenergy propertiescalorific valueash |
| spellingShingle | Nikola Čajová Kantová Michal Holubčík Alexander Čaja Juraj Trnka Jozef Jandačka Analyses of Pellets Produced from Spruce Sawdust, Spruce Bark, and Pine Cones in Different Proportions Energies biofuels pellets cones energy properties calorific value ash |
| title | Analyses of Pellets Produced from Spruce Sawdust, Spruce Bark, and Pine Cones in Different Proportions |
| title_full | Analyses of Pellets Produced from Spruce Sawdust, Spruce Bark, and Pine Cones in Different Proportions |
| title_fullStr | Analyses of Pellets Produced from Spruce Sawdust, Spruce Bark, and Pine Cones in Different Proportions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analyses of Pellets Produced from Spruce Sawdust, Spruce Bark, and Pine Cones in Different Proportions |
| title_short | Analyses of Pellets Produced from Spruce Sawdust, Spruce Bark, and Pine Cones in Different Proportions |
| title_sort | analyses of pellets produced from spruce sawdust spruce bark and pine cones in different proportions |
| topic | biofuels pellets cones energy properties calorific value ash |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/8/2725 |
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