Comparative efficiency of silica gel, biochar, and plant growth promoting bacteria on Cr and Pb availability to Solanum melongena L. in contaminated soil irrigated with wastewater
Crop irrigation with untreated wastewater is a routine practice in developing countries that causes multiple human health consequences. A comparative study was performed to regulate total Cr and Pb stress in soil and Solanum melongena L. plant. For this purpose, 0.2% chitosan polymerized silica gel...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.950362/full |
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| author | Umm e Rabiya Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ansar Farooq Zafar Siddiq Saud A. Alamri Manzer H. Siddiqui Waqas-ud-Din Khan |
| author_facet | Umm e Rabiya Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ansar Farooq Zafar Siddiq Saud A. Alamri Manzer H. Siddiqui Waqas-ud-Din Khan |
| author_sort | Umm e Rabiya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Crop irrigation with untreated wastewater is a routine practice in developing countries that causes multiple human health consequences. A comparative study was performed to regulate total Cr and Pb stress in soil and Solanum melongena L. plant. For this purpose, 0.2% chitosan polymerized silica gel (CP-silica gel), 1.5% zinc-enriched biochar (ZnBc), and three bacterial species such as Trichococcus sp. (B1), Pseudomonas alcaligenes (B2), and Bacillus subtilis (B3) were selected. Initially, a biosorption trial was conducted to test the heavy metal removal efficiency of three bacterial species B1, B2, and B3 for 24 h. Hence, B3 showed maximum Cr and Pb removal efficiency among the studied bacterial isolates. Then, a pot study was conducted with 12 different treatments having three replicates. After harvesting, different growth and biochemical parameters such as chlorophyll concentration, proteins, phenolics, reactive oxygen species, and antioxidant enzymes were analyzed. The results demonstrated that wastewater application significantly (p ≤ 0.01) reduced the fresh and dry weights of the root, stem, and leaves due to high total Cr and Pb toxicity. However, CP-silica gel and ZnBc treatments performed best when applied in combination with B3. The concentration of leaf total Cr was significantly decreased (91 and 85%) with the application of ZnBc + B3 and CP-Silica gel + B3, respectively, as compared to control. There was a reduction in stem hydrogen peroxide (87%) and malondialdehyde (81%) recorded with CP-silica gel + B3 treatment due to enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes viz. ascorbate peroxidase (6-folds) and catalase (7-folds) relative to control. Similarly, leaf total phenolics (3-folds) and protein (6-folds) contents were enhanced with CP silica gel+B3 application relative to control. Overall, CP-silica gel and ZnBc with B3 application proved to be the most appropriate treatments and can be used in developing countries to limit the deleterious effects of total Cr and Pb pollution. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T11:00:08Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T11:00:08Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-a0a19ddfa0a3419a936bd72ba42d7b122022-12-22T02:49:26ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2022-08-011310.3389/fpls.2022.950362950362Comparative efficiency of silica gel, biochar, and plant growth promoting bacteria on Cr and Pb availability to Solanum melongena L. in contaminated soil irrigated with wastewaterUmm e Rabiya0Muhammad Ali1Muhammad Ansar Farooq2Zafar Siddiq3Saud A. Alamri4Manzer H. Siddiqui5Waqas-ud-Din Khan6Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, PakistanSustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, PakistanInstitute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, PakistanDepartment of Botany, Government College University, Lahore, PakistanDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaTasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, AustraliaCrop irrigation with untreated wastewater is a routine practice in developing countries that causes multiple human health consequences. A comparative study was performed to regulate total Cr and Pb stress in soil and Solanum melongena L. plant. For this purpose, 0.2% chitosan polymerized silica gel (CP-silica gel), 1.5% zinc-enriched biochar (ZnBc), and three bacterial species such as Trichococcus sp. (B1), Pseudomonas alcaligenes (B2), and Bacillus subtilis (B3) were selected. Initially, a biosorption trial was conducted to test the heavy metal removal efficiency of three bacterial species B1, B2, and B3 for 24 h. Hence, B3 showed maximum Cr and Pb removal efficiency among the studied bacterial isolates. Then, a pot study was conducted with 12 different treatments having three replicates. After harvesting, different growth and biochemical parameters such as chlorophyll concentration, proteins, phenolics, reactive oxygen species, and antioxidant enzymes were analyzed. The results demonstrated that wastewater application significantly (p ≤ 0.01) reduced the fresh and dry weights of the root, stem, and leaves due to high total Cr and Pb toxicity. However, CP-silica gel and ZnBc treatments performed best when applied in combination with B3. The concentration of leaf total Cr was significantly decreased (91 and 85%) with the application of ZnBc + B3 and CP-Silica gel + B3, respectively, as compared to control. There was a reduction in stem hydrogen peroxide (87%) and malondialdehyde (81%) recorded with CP-silica gel + B3 treatment due to enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes viz. ascorbate peroxidase (6-folds) and catalase (7-folds) relative to control. Similarly, leaf total phenolics (3-folds) and protein (6-folds) contents were enhanced with CP silica gel+B3 application relative to control. Overall, CP-silica gel and ZnBc with B3 application proved to be the most appropriate treatments and can be used in developing countries to limit the deleterious effects of total Cr and Pb pollution.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.950362/fullchitosan polymerized silicamicrobial metal removal efficiencymetal translocation factordefense mechanism of plantprincipal component analysis |
| spellingShingle | Umm e Rabiya Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ansar Farooq Zafar Siddiq Saud A. Alamri Manzer H. Siddiqui Waqas-ud-Din Khan Comparative efficiency of silica gel, biochar, and plant growth promoting bacteria on Cr and Pb availability to Solanum melongena L. in contaminated soil irrigated with wastewater Frontiers in Plant Science chitosan polymerized silica microbial metal removal efficiency metal translocation factor defense mechanism of plant principal component analysis |
| title | Comparative efficiency of silica gel, biochar, and plant growth promoting bacteria on Cr and Pb availability to Solanum melongena L. in contaminated soil irrigated with wastewater |
| title_full | Comparative efficiency of silica gel, biochar, and plant growth promoting bacteria on Cr and Pb availability to Solanum melongena L. in contaminated soil irrigated with wastewater |
| title_fullStr | Comparative efficiency of silica gel, biochar, and plant growth promoting bacteria on Cr and Pb availability to Solanum melongena L. in contaminated soil irrigated with wastewater |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative efficiency of silica gel, biochar, and plant growth promoting bacteria on Cr and Pb availability to Solanum melongena L. in contaminated soil irrigated with wastewater |
| title_short | Comparative efficiency of silica gel, biochar, and plant growth promoting bacteria on Cr and Pb availability to Solanum melongena L. in contaminated soil irrigated with wastewater |
| title_sort | comparative efficiency of silica gel biochar and plant growth promoting bacteria on cr and pb availability to solanum melongena l in contaminated soil irrigated with wastewater |
| topic | chitosan polymerized silica microbial metal removal efficiency metal translocation factor defense mechanism of plant principal component analysis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.950362/full |
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