Insights into Distribution of Soil Available Heavy Metals in Karst Area and Its Influencing Factors in Guilin, Southwest China
The bioavailable contents of heavy metals in karstic soils are a subject of increasing concern since the uptake of heavy metals by plants can pose a severe threat to food safety and public health. However, the bioavailable contents of heavy metals and their effective factors are poorly understood in...
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| author | Fen Huang Xiaomei Wei Tongbin Zhu Zhuanxi Luo Jianhua Cao |
| author_facet | Fen Huang Xiaomei Wei Tongbin Zhu Zhuanxi Luo Jianhua Cao |
| author_sort | Fen Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The bioavailable contents of heavy metals in karstic soils are a subject of increasing concern since the uptake of heavy metals by plants can pose a severe threat to food safety and public health. However, the bioavailable contents of heavy metals and their effective factors are poorly understood in karst regions. Calcareous soil and red soil developed from carbonate and clastic rocks, respectively, were chosen from a typical karst region (Guilin) of southwestern China, and the total (C<sub>T</sub>) and available (C<sub>A</sub>) contents of 11 heavy metals, as well as their influencing factors in soil profiles, were investigated. The results showed that calcareous soil has greater soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available potassium, and calcium (Ca) contents than red soil, but lower available phosphorus and C:N. Acid-soluble Ca (Aca) was the dominant fraction in both types of soil. Heavy metals were highly accumulated in calcareous soil, mainly controlled by secondary enrichment in the processing of carbonate rock weathering. For the majority of metals, calcareous soil had higher C<sub>T</sub> and lower C<sub>A</sub> than red soil. According to a redundancy analysis (RDA) and Pearson correlation coefficient, the high pH and Ca content in calcareous soils were primary factors influencing both the C<sub>T</sub> and C<sub>A</sub> of the metals, especially residual Ca to C<sub>T</sub> and Aca to C<sub>A</sub>. Additionally, higher soil cation exchange capacity and clay minerals also probably improved the immobility of heavy metals. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:29:55Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-a0aadea26e774bc68339ac16818b9e6c2023-11-21T19:21:40ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072021-05-0112560910.3390/f12050609Insights into Distribution of Soil Available Heavy Metals in Karst Area and Its Influencing Factors in Guilin, Southwest ChinaFen Huang0Xiaomei Wei1Tongbin Zhu2Zhuanxi Luo3Jianhua Cao4Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resourses (MNR) and Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology (CAGS), Guilin 541004, ChinaKey Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resourses (MNR) and Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology (CAGS), Guilin 541004, ChinaKey Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resourses (MNR) and Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology (CAGS), Guilin 541004, ChinaKey Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resourses (MNR) and Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology (CAGS), Guilin 541004, ChinaKey Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resourses (MNR) and Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology (CAGS), Guilin 541004, ChinaThe bioavailable contents of heavy metals in karstic soils are a subject of increasing concern since the uptake of heavy metals by plants can pose a severe threat to food safety and public health. However, the bioavailable contents of heavy metals and their effective factors are poorly understood in karst regions. Calcareous soil and red soil developed from carbonate and clastic rocks, respectively, were chosen from a typical karst region (Guilin) of southwestern China, and the total (C<sub>T</sub>) and available (C<sub>A</sub>) contents of 11 heavy metals, as well as their influencing factors in soil profiles, were investigated. The results showed that calcareous soil has greater soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available potassium, and calcium (Ca) contents than red soil, but lower available phosphorus and C:N. Acid-soluble Ca (Aca) was the dominant fraction in both types of soil. Heavy metals were highly accumulated in calcareous soil, mainly controlled by secondary enrichment in the processing of carbonate rock weathering. For the majority of metals, calcareous soil had higher C<sub>T</sub> and lower C<sub>A</sub> than red soil. According to a redundancy analysis (RDA) and Pearson correlation coefficient, the high pH and Ca content in calcareous soils were primary factors influencing both the C<sub>T</sub> and C<sub>A</sub> of the metals, especially residual Ca to C<sub>T</sub> and Aca to C<sub>A</sub>. Additionally, higher soil cation exchange capacity and clay minerals also probably improved the immobility of heavy metals.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/5/609calcareous soilsred soilsheavy metalsRDAinfluencing factors |
| spellingShingle | Fen Huang Xiaomei Wei Tongbin Zhu Zhuanxi Luo Jianhua Cao Insights into Distribution of Soil Available Heavy Metals in Karst Area and Its Influencing Factors in Guilin, Southwest China Forests calcareous soils red soils heavy metals RDA influencing factors |
| title | Insights into Distribution of Soil Available Heavy Metals in Karst Area and Its Influencing Factors in Guilin, Southwest China |
| title_full | Insights into Distribution of Soil Available Heavy Metals in Karst Area and Its Influencing Factors in Guilin, Southwest China |
| title_fullStr | Insights into Distribution of Soil Available Heavy Metals in Karst Area and Its Influencing Factors in Guilin, Southwest China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insights into Distribution of Soil Available Heavy Metals in Karst Area and Its Influencing Factors in Guilin, Southwest China |
| title_short | Insights into Distribution of Soil Available Heavy Metals in Karst Area and Its Influencing Factors in Guilin, Southwest China |
| title_sort | insights into distribution of soil available heavy metals in karst area and its influencing factors in guilin southwest china |
| topic | calcareous soils red soils heavy metals RDA influencing factors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/5/609 |
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