Distinguishing target from distractor in Stroop, picture-word, and word-word interference tasks
Lexical selection – both during reading aloud and speech production – involves selecting an intended word, while ignoring irrelevant lexical activation. This process has been studied by the use of interference tasks. Examples are the Stroop task, where participants ignore the written color word and...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2015-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01858/full |
| _version_ | 1818972255595528192 |
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| author | Xenia eSchmalz Xenia eSchmalz Barbara eTreccani Claudio eMulatti |
| author_facet | Xenia eSchmalz Xenia eSchmalz Barbara eTreccani Claudio eMulatti |
| author_sort | Xenia eSchmalz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lexical selection – both during reading aloud and speech production – involves selecting an intended word, while ignoring irrelevant lexical activation. This process has been studied by the use of interference tasks. Examples are the Stroop task, where participants ignore the written color word and name the color of the ink, picture-word interference tasks, where participants name a picture while ignoring a super-imposed written word, or word-word interference (WWI) tasks, where two words are presented and the participants need to respond to only one, based on an pre-determined visual feature (e.g., color, position). Here, we focus on the WWI task: it is theoretically impossible for existing models to explain how the cognitive system can respond to one stimulus and block the other, when they are presented by the same modality (i.e., they are both words). We describe a solution that can explain performance on the WWI task: drawing on the literature on visual attention, we propose that the system creates an object file for each perceived object, which is continuously updated with increasingly complete information about the stimulus, such as the task-relevant visual feature. Such a model can account for performance on all three tasks. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T15:05:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a0b0e344e22e4408939907abc6109b92 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-1078 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T15:05:22Z |
| publishDate | 2015-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a0b0e344e22e4408939907abc6109b922022-12-21T19:36:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782015-12-01610.3389/fpsyg.2015.01858153148Distinguishing target from distractor in Stroop, picture-word, and word-word interference tasksXenia eSchmalz0Xenia eSchmalz1Barbara eTreccani2Claudio eMulatti3Università degli Studi di PadovaMacquarie UniversityUniversità degli Studi di SassariUniversità degli Studi di PadovaLexical selection – both during reading aloud and speech production – involves selecting an intended word, while ignoring irrelevant lexical activation. This process has been studied by the use of interference tasks. Examples are the Stroop task, where participants ignore the written color word and name the color of the ink, picture-word interference tasks, where participants name a picture while ignoring a super-imposed written word, or word-word interference (WWI) tasks, where two words are presented and the participants need to respond to only one, based on an pre-determined visual feature (e.g., color, position). Here, we focus on the WWI task: it is theoretically impossible for existing models to explain how the cognitive system can respond to one stimulus and block the other, when they are presented by the same modality (i.e., they are both words). We describe a solution that can explain performance on the WWI task: drawing on the literature on visual attention, we propose that the system creates an object file for each perceived object, which is continuously updated with increasingly complete information about the stimulus, such as the task-relevant visual feature. Such a model can account for performance on all three tasks.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01858/fullStroop Testselective attentionmental Lexiconpicture-word interferenceLexical selection by competitionWord-word interference |
| spellingShingle | Xenia eSchmalz Xenia eSchmalz Barbara eTreccani Claudio eMulatti Distinguishing target from distractor in Stroop, picture-word, and word-word interference tasks Frontiers in Psychology Stroop Test selective attention mental Lexicon picture-word interference Lexical selection by competition Word-word interference |
| title | Distinguishing target from distractor in Stroop, picture-word, and word-word interference tasks |
| title_full | Distinguishing target from distractor in Stroop, picture-word, and word-word interference tasks |
| title_fullStr | Distinguishing target from distractor in Stroop, picture-word, and word-word interference tasks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distinguishing target from distractor in Stroop, picture-word, and word-word interference tasks |
| title_short | Distinguishing target from distractor in Stroop, picture-word, and word-word interference tasks |
| title_sort | distinguishing target from distractor in stroop picture word and word word interference tasks |
| topic | Stroop Test selective attention mental Lexicon picture-word interference Lexical selection by competition Word-word interference |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01858/full |
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