Prevalence and associations of depression, anxiety, and stress among people living with HIV: A hospital‐based analytical cross‐sectional study
Abstract Background and Aims An important but much less researched burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Sub‐Saharan Africa includes the associated mental health outcomes of living with the virus. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress, and describe...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Health Science Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.754 |
| _version_ | 1797772409334398976 |
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| author | Sampson Opoku Agyemang Jerry Ninonni Lydia Bennin Elizabeth Agyare Leveana Gyimah Kafui Senya Emmanuel Birikorang Emmanuel Nii‐Boye Quarshie Nyonuku Akosua Baddoo Stephen Ayisi Addo Dorcas Obiri‐Yeboah |
| author_facet | Sampson Opoku Agyemang Jerry Ninonni Lydia Bennin Elizabeth Agyare Leveana Gyimah Kafui Senya Emmanuel Birikorang Emmanuel Nii‐Boye Quarshie Nyonuku Akosua Baddoo Stephen Ayisi Addo Dorcas Obiri‐Yeboah |
| author_sort | Sampson Opoku Agyemang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background and Aims An important but much less researched burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Sub‐Saharan Africa includes the associated mental health outcomes of living with the virus. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress, and describe some of the socio‐demographic associations among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Ghana. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana. Simple random sampling was used to recruit 395 PLHIV who access HIV‐related services at the antiretroviral therapy clinic. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale‐21 was used to assess prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress. Frequencies and percentages were used to estimate the prevalence and multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate sociodemographic factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Results The prevalence estimates of depression, anxiety, and stress among PLHIV were 28.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 24.4–33.3), 40.8% (95% CI = 36.0–45.8), and 10.6% (95% CI = 7.9–14.1), respectively. Females reported higher prevalence of depression (32.2%; 95% CI = 27.2–37.7), anxiety (44.0%; 95% CI = 38.4–49.6), and stress (12.6%; 95% CI = 9.4–17.0) compared to depression (17.5%; 95% CI = 11.1–26.4), anxiety (30.9%; 95% CI = 22.5–40.7), and stress (4.1%; 95% CI = 1.2–10.4) among males. PLHIV without a regular partner were about 0.63 increased odds of experiencing anxiety compared to those with a regular partner (AOR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.40–1.00: p = 0.049). PLHIV without formal education were about 0.49 and 0.44 increased odds to experience anxiety and stress, respectively compared to those with tertiary education. Conclusions Generally, the levels of stress, anxiety, and depression are high among PLHIV, but disproportionately higher among females. Mental health assessment and management should be integrated into the HIV care services. There should be capacity building for health care workers to offer differentiated service delivery based on mental health care needs of PLHIV. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T21:50:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a0b1c89bfe774905825e9851c714070f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2398-8835 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T21:50:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Health Science Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-a0b1c89bfe774905825e9851c714070f2023-07-26T04:11:54ZengWileyHealth Science Reports2398-88352022-09-0155n/an/a10.1002/hsr2.754Prevalence and associations of depression, anxiety, and stress among people living with HIV: A hospital‐based analytical cross‐sectional studySampson Opoku Agyemang0Jerry Ninonni1Lydia Bennin2Elizabeth Agyare3Leveana Gyimah4Kafui Senya5Emmanuel Birikorang6Emmanuel Nii‐Boye Quarshie7Nyonuku Akosua Baddoo8Stephen Ayisi Addo9Dorcas Obiri‐Yeboah10Department of Mental Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery University of Cape Coast Cape Coast GhanaDepartment of Mental Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery University of Cape Coast Cape Coast GhanaDepartment of Mental Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery University of Cape Coast Cape Coast GhanaPublic Health Unit, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital Cape Coast GhanaCommunicable and Non‐Communicable Diseases Cluster World Health Organisation Country Office Accra GhanaCommunicable and Non‐Communicable Diseases Cluster World Health Organisation Country Office Accra GhanaDepartment of Laboratory Technology, School of Physical Sciences University of Cape Coast Cape Coast GhanaDepartment of Psychology, School of Social Sciences University of Ghana Accra GhanaNational AIDS/STIs Control Programme Accra GhanaNational AIDS/STIs Control Programme Accra GhanaPublic Health Unit, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital Cape Coast GhanaAbstract Background and Aims An important but much less researched burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Sub‐Saharan Africa includes the associated mental health outcomes of living with the virus. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress, and describe some of the socio‐demographic associations among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Ghana. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana. Simple random sampling was used to recruit 395 PLHIV who access HIV‐related services at the antiretroviral therapy clinic. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale‐21 was used to assess prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress. Frequencies and percentages were used to estimate the prevalence and multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate sociodemographic factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Results The prevalence estimates of depression, anxiety, and stress among PLHIV were 28.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 24.4–33.3), 40.8% (95% CI = 36.0–45.8), and 10.6% (95% CI = 7.9–14.1), respectively. Females reported higher prevalence of depression (32.2%; 95% CI = 27.2–37.7), anxiety (44.0%; 95% CI = 38.4–49.6), and stress (12.6%; 95% CI = 9.4–17.0) compared to depression (17.5%; 95% CI = 11.1–26.4), anxiety (30.9%; 95% CI = 22.5–40.7), and stress (4.1%; 95% CI = 1.2–10.4) among males. PLHIV without a regular partner were about 0.63 increased odds of experiencing anxiety compared to those with a regular partner (AOR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.40–1.00: p = 0.049). PLHIV without formal education were about 0.49 and 0.44 increased odds to experience anxiety and stress, respectively compared to those with tertiary education. Conclusions Generally, the levels of stress, anxiety, and depression are high among PLHIV, but disproportionately higher among females. Mental health assessment and management should be integrated into the HIV care services. There should be capacity building for health care workers to offer differentiated service delivery based on mental health care needs of PLHIV.https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.754anxietydepressionGhanamental healthpeople living with HIVstress |
| spellingShingle | Sampson Opoku Agyemang Jerry Ninonni Lydia Bennin Elizabeth Agyare Leveana Gyimah Kafui Senya Emmanuel Birikorang Emmanuel Nii‐Boye Quarshie Nyonuku Akosua Baddoo Stephen Ayisi Addo Dorcas Obiri‐Yeboah Prevalence and associations of depression, anxiety, and stress among people living with HIV: A hospital‐based analytical cross‐sectional study Health Science Reports anxiety depression Ghana mental health people living with HIV stress |
| title | Prevalence and associations of depression, anxiety, and stress among people living with HIV: A hospital‐based analytical cross‐sectional study |
| title_full | Prevalence and associations of depression, anxiety, and stress among people living with HIV: A hospital‐based analytical cross‐sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and associations of depression, anxiety, and stress among people living with HIV: A hospital‐based analytical cross‐sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and associations of depression, anxiety, and stress among people living with HIV: A hospital‐based analytical cross‐sectional study |
| title_short | Prevalence and associations of depression, anxiety, and stress among people living with HIV: A hospital‐based analytical cross‐sectional study |
| title_sort | prevalence and associations of depression anxiety and stress among people living with hiv a hospital based analytical cross sectional study |
| topic | anxiety depression Ghana mental health people living with HIV stress |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.754 |
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