Stability and Dynamic Aggregation of Bare and Stabilized Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles under Variable Solution Chemistry
Surface modification of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) using polymer stabilizers (e.g., sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) is usually used to minimize aggregation, increase stability, and enhance transport of nZVI. We investigated the stability and dynamic aggregation of bare and CMC−...
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MDPI AG
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/2/192 |
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| author | Hesham M. Ibrahim Mohammed Awad Abdullah S. Al-Farraj Ali M. Al-Turki |
| author_facet | Hesham M. Ibrahim Mohammed Awad Abdullah S. Al-Farraj Ali M. Al-Turki |
| author_sort | Hesham M. Ibrahim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Surface modification of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) using polymer stabilizers (e.g., sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) is usually used to minimize aggregation, increase stability, and enhance transport of nZVI. We investigated the stability and dynamic aggregation of bare and CMC−nZVI as affected by variations in pH, ionic strength (IS), and nZVI particle concentration. CMC coating of nZVI resulted in smaller hydrodynamic size and larger zeta potential. The largest hydrodynamic size of nZVI was associated with bare nZVI at high IS (100 mM), pH close to the point of zero charge (PZC, 7.3−7.6), and larger particle concentration (1.0 g L<sup>−1</sup>). The increase in the zeta potential of CMC−nZVI reached one- to four-fold of that for bare nZVI, and was greater at pH values close to PZC, high IS, and larger particle concentration. The stability of CMC−nZVI was increased by 61.8, 93.1, and 57.5% as compared to that of bare nZVI at IS of 1, 50 and 100 mM, respectively. Calculations of Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey and Overbeek (DLVO) interaction energy were in agreement with stability results, and showed the formation of substantial energy barriers at low IS indicating greater nZVI stability. Our results suggest that at IS above 50 mM and nZVI particle concentration larger than 0.1 g L<sup>−1</sup>, the likelihood of nZVI aggregation is high. Nevertheless, CMC polymer stabilizer would enhance the stability and transport of nZVI even under these unfavorable solution chemistry conditions. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-a0b315afc3a54979b738cabf8a2fb8fb2022-12-22T01:07:46ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912020-01-0110219210.3390/nano10020192nano10020192Stability and Dynamic Aggregation of Bare and Stabilized Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles under Variable Solution ChemistryHesham M. Ibrahim0Mohammed Awad1Abdullah S. Al-Farraj2Ali M. Al-Turki3Department of Soil Science, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Soil Science, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Soil Science, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Soil Science, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaSurface modification of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) using polymer stabilizers (e.g., sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) is usually used to minimize aggregation, increase stability, and enhance transport of nZVI. We investigated the stability and dynamic aggregation of bare and CMC−nZVI as affected by variations in pH, ionic strength (IS), and nZVI particle concentration. CMC coating of nZVI resulted in smaller hydrodynamic size and larger zeta potential. The largest hydrodynamic size of nZVI was associated with bare nZVI at high IS (100 mM), pH close to the point of zero charge (PZC, 7.3−7.6), and larger particle concentration (1.0 g L<sup>−1</sup>). The increase in the zeta potential of CMC−nZVI reached one- to four-fold of that for bare nZVI, and was greater at pH values close to PZC, high IS, and larger particle concentration. The stability of CMC−nZVI was increased by 61.8, 93.1, and 57.5% as compared to that of bare nZVI at IS of 1, 50 and 100 mM, respectively. Calculations of Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey and Overbeek (DLVO) interaction energy were in agreement with stability results, and showed the formation of substantial energy barriers at low IS indicating greater nZVI stability. Our results suggest that at IS above 50 mM and nZVI particle concentration larger than 0.1 g L<sup>−1</sup>, the likelihood of nZVI aggregation is high. Nevertheless, CMC polymer stabilizer would enhance the stability and transport of nZVI even under these unfavorable solution chemistry conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/2/192nanoscale zero-valent iron (nzvi)carboxymethyl cellulose (cmc)dynamic aggregationphionic strength (is) |
| spellingShingle | Hesham M. Ibrahim Mohammed Awad Abdullah S. Al-Farraj Ali M. Al-Turki Stability and Dynamic Aggregation of Bare and Stabilized Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles under Variable Solution Chemistry Nanomaterials nanoscale zero-valent iron (nzvi) carboxymethyl cellulose (cmc) dynamic aggregation ph ionic strength (is) |
| title | Stability and Dynamic Aggregation of Bare and Stabilized Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles under Variable Solution Chemistry |
| title_full | Stability and Dynamic Aggregation of Bare and Stabilized Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles under Variable Solution Chemistry |
| title_fullStr | Stability and Dynamic Aggregation of Bare and Stabilized Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles under Variable Solution Chemistry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stability and Dynamic Aggregation of Bare and Stabilized Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles under Variable Solution Chemistry |
| title_short | Stability and Dynamic Aggregation of Bare and Stabilized Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles under Variable Solution Chemistry |
| title_sort | stability and dynamic aggregation of bare and stabilized zero valent iron nanoparticles under variable solution chemistry |
| topic | nanoscale zero-valent iron (nzvi) carboxymethyl cellulose (cmc) dynamic aggregation ph ionic strength (is) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/2/192 |
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