Drive-amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy: From vacuum to liquids
We introduce drive-amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy as a dynamic mode with outstanding performance in all environments from vacuum to liquids. As with frequency modulation, the new mode follows a feedback scheme with two nested loops: The first keeps the cantilever oscillation amplitude...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Beilstein-Institut
2012-04-01
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| Series: | Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.3.38 |
| _version_ | 1819294890776854528 |
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| author | Miriam Jaafar David Martínez-Martín Mariano Cuenca John Melcher Arvind Raman Julio Gómez-Herrero |
| author_facet | Miriam Jaafar David Martínez-Martín Mariano Cuenca John Melcher Arvind Raman Julio Gómez-Herrero |
| author_sort | Miriam Jaafar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We introduce drive-amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy as a dynamic mode with outstanding performance in all environments from vacuum to liquids. As with frequency modulation, the new mode follows a feedback scheme with two nested loops: The first keeps the cantilever oscillation amplitude constant by regulating the driving force, and the second uses the driving force as the feedback variable for topography. Additionally, a phase-locked loop can be used as a parallel feedback allowing separation of the conservative and nonconservative interactions. We describe the basis of this mode and present some examples of its performance in three different environments. Drive-amplutide modulation is a very stable, intuitive and easy to use mode that is free of the feedback instability associated with the noncontact-to-contact transition that occurs in the frequency-modulation mode. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-24T04:33:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a0b758ac0a2f4017a9bd356ecae7207f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2190-4286 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T04:33:31Z |
| publishDate | 2012-04-01 |
| publisher | Beilstein-Institut |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a0b758ac0a2f4017a9bd356ecae7207f2022-12-21T17:15:18ZengBeilstein-InstitutBeilstein Journal of Nanotechnology2190-42862012-04-013133634410.3762/bjnano.3.382190-4286-3-38Drive-amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy: From vacuum to liquidsMiriam Jaafar0David Martínez-Martín1Mariano Cuenca2John Melcher3Arvind Raman4Julio Gómez-Herrero5Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, SpainServicios generales de apoyo a la investigación, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TR, United KingdomBirck Nanotechnology Center and School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47904-2088, USADepartamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, SpainWe introduce drive-amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy as a dynamic mode with outstanding performance in all environments from vacuum to liquids. As with frequency modulation, the new mode follows a feedback scheme with two nested loops: The first keeps the cantilever oscillation amplitude constant by regulating the driving force, and the second uses the driving force as the feedback variable for topography. Additionally, a phase-locked loop can be used as a parallel feedback allowing separation of the conservative and nonconservative interactions. We describe the basis of this mode and present some examples of its performance in three different environments. Drive-amplutide modulation is a very stable, intuitive and easy to use mode that is free of the feedback instability associated with the noncontact-to-contact transition that occurs in the frequency-modulation mode.https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.3.38atomic force microscopycontrol systemsdissipationfrequency modulationnoncontact |
| spellingShingle | Miriam Jaafar David Martínez-Martín Mariano Cuenca John Melcher Arvind Raman Julio Gómez-Herrero Drive-amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy: From vacuum to liquids Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology atomic force microscopy control systems dissipation frequency modulation noncontact |
| title | Drive-amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy: From vacuum to liquids |
| title_full | Drive-amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy: From vacuum to liquids |
| title_fullStr | Drive-amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy: From vacuum to liquids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Drive-amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy: From vacuum to liquids |
| title_short | Drive-amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy: From vacuum to liquids |
| title_sort | drive amplitude modulation atomic force microscopy from vacuum to liquids |
| topic | atomic force microscopy control systems dissipation frequency modulation noncontact |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.3.38 |
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