Myeloid Cell Interaction with HIV: A Complex Relationship
Cells of the myeloid lineage, particularly macrophages, serve as primary hosts for HIV in vivo, along with CD4 T lymphocytes. Macrophages are present in virtually every tissue of the organism, including locations with negligible T cell colonization, such as the brain, where HIV-mediated inflammation...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01698/full |
| _version_ | 1819327047756939264 |
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| author | Vasco Rodrigues Nicolas Ruffin Mabel San-Roman Philippe Benaroch |
| author_facet | Vasco Rodrigues Nicolas Ruffin Mabel San-Roman Philippe Benaroch |
| author_sort | Vasco Rodrigues |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cells of the myeloid lineage, particularly macrophages, serve as primary hosts for HIV in vivo, along with CD4 T lymphocytes. Macrophages are present in virtually every tissue of the organism, including locations with negligible T cell colonization, such as the brain, where HIV-mediated inflammation may lead to pathological sequelae. Moreover, infected macrophages are present in multiple other tissues. Recent evidence obtained in humanized mice and macaque models highlighted the capacity of macrophages to sustain HIV replication in vivo in the absence of T cells. Combined with the known resistance of the macrophage to the cytopathic effects of HIV infection, such data bring a renewed interest in this cell type both as a vehicle for viral spread as well as a viral reservoir. While our understanding of key processes of HIV infection of macrophages is far from complete, recent years have nevertheless brought important insight into the uniqueness of the macrophage infection. Productive infection of macrophages by HIV can occur by different routes including from phagocytosis of infected T cells. In macrophages, HIV assembles and buds into a peculiar plasma membrane-connected compartment that preexists to the infection. While the function of such compartment remains elusive, it supposedly allows for the persistence of infectious viral particles over extended periods of time and may play a role on viral transmission. As cells of the innate immune system, macrophages have the capacity to detect and respond to viral components. Recent data suggest that such sensing may occur at multiple steps of the viral cycle and impact subsequent viral spread. We aim to provide an overview of the HIV–macrophage interaction along the multiple stages of the viral life cycle, extending when pertinent such observations to additional myeloid cell types such as dendritic cells or blood monocytes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-24T13:04:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a0b8563f4a6040d494208b46cb4092de |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T13:04:38Z |
| publishDate | 2017-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a0b8563f4a6040d494208b46cb4092de2022-12-21T16:54:03ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242017-11-01810.3389/fimmu.2017.01698315657Myeloid Cell Interaction with HIV: A Complex RelationshipVasco Rodrigues0Nicolas Ruffin1Mabel San-Roman2Philippe Benaroch3Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, FranceInstitut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, FranceInstitut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR3216, Paris, FranceInstitut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, FranceCells of the myeloid lineage, particularly macrophages, serve as primary hosts for HIV in vivo, along with CD4 T lymphocytes. Macrophages are present in virtually every tissue of the organism, including locations with negligible T cell colonization, such as the brain, where HIV-mediated inflammation may lead to pathological sequelae. Moreover, infected macrophages are present in multiple other tissues. Recent evidence obtained in humanized mice and macaque models highlighted the capacity of macrophages to sustain HIV replication in vivo in the absence of T cells. Combined with the known resistance of the macrophage to the cytopathic effects of HIV infection, such data bring a renewed interest in this cell type both as a vehicle for viral spread as well as a viral reservoir. While our understanding of key processes of HIV infection of macrophages is far from complete, recent years have nevertheless brought important insight into the uniqueness of the macrophage infection. Productive infection of macrophages by HIV can occur by different routes including from phagocytosis of infected T cells. In macrophages, HIV assembles and buds into a peculiar plasma membrane-connected compartment that preexists to the infection. While the function of such compartment remains elusive, it supposedly allows for the persistence of infectious viral particles over extended periods of time and may play a role on viral transmission. As cells of the innate immune system, macrophages have the capacity to detect and respond to viral components. Recent data suggest that such sensing may occur at multiple steps of the viral cycle and impact subsequent viral spread. We aim to provide an overview of the HIV–macrophage interaction along the multiple stages of the viral life cycle, extending when pertinent such observations to additional myeloid cell types such as dendritic cells or blood monocytes.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01698/fullmacrophagessensingviral assemblyantiretroviral therapyreservoirvirus-containing compartment |
| spellingShingle | Vasco Rodrigues Nicolas Ruffin Mabel San-Roman Philippe Benaroch Myeloid Cell Interaction with HIV: A Complex Relationship Frontiers in Immunology macrophages sensing viral assembly antiretroviral therapy reservoir virus-containing compartment |
| title | Myeloid Cell Interaction with HIV: A Complex Relationship |
| title_full | Myeloid Cell Interaction with HIV: A Complex Relationship |
| title_fullStr | Myeloid Cell Interaction with HIV: A Complex Relationship |
| title_full_unstemmed | Myeloid Cell Interaction with HIV: A Complex Relationship |
| title_short | Myeloid Cell Interaction with HIV: A Complex Relationship |
| title_sort | myeloid cell interaction with hiv a complex relationship |
| topic | macrophages sensing viral assembly antiretroviral therapy reservoir virus-containing compartment |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01698/full |
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