Causal relationship between milk chocolate intake and calf pain: A Mendelian randomization analysis
Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between milk chocolate intake (MCI) and calf pain (CP). Method: We acquired data from the MR Base database and used Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate the causal association between MCI and CP. Results: We selected eight single nucleotide...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Functional Foods |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1756464623004516 |
| _version_ | 1797632713796091904 |
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| author | Hongtao Liu Fengkun Zhou |
| author_facet | Hongtao Liu Fengkun Zhou |
| author_sort | Hongtao Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between milk chocolate intake (MCI) and calf pain (CP). Method: We acquired data from the MR Base database and used Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate the causal association between MCI and CP. Results: We selected eight single nucleotide polymorphisms from genome-wide association studies that were significantly associated with both MCI and CP. Inverse weighted variance (IVW) and weighted median methods showed that MCI had a protective effect on CP (IVW: β = −0.360, odds ratio [OR] = 0.698, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 0.502–0.969; Weighted median: β = −0.509, OR = 0.601, 95 %CI = 0.393–0.920). However, MR‐Egger analysis suggested no causal association (β = −0.315, OR = 0.729, 95 %CI = 0.231–2.299). The greater precision of weighted median estimator and IVW suggest our results may support a potential causal association between MCI and CP. Conclusion: The MR analysis demonstrated that MCI has a protective effect on CP. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:41:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a0caca253f1941efbe2b455cd23529f6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-4646 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:41:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Functional Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-a0caca253f1941efbe2b455cd23529f62023-11-10T04:16:12ZengElsevierJournal of Functional Foods1756-46462023-11-01110105851Causal relationship between milk chocolate intake and calf pain: A Mendelian randomization analysisHongtao Liu0Fengkun Zhou1Guangxi Health Science College, ChinaThe First People’s Hospital of Nanning, China; Corresponding author at: The First People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning 530011, China.Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between milk chocolate intake (MCI) and calf pain (CP). Method: We acquired data from the MR Base database and used Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate the causal association between MCI and CP. Results: We selected eight single nucleotide polymorphisms from genome-wide association studies that were significantly associated with both MCI and CP. Inverse weighted variance (IVW) and weighted median methods showed that MCI had a protective effect on CP (IVW: β = −0.360, odds ratio [OR] = 0.698, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 0.502–0.969; Weighted median: β = −0.509, OR = 0.601, 95 %CI = 0.393–0.920). However, MR‐Egger analysis suggested no causal association (β = −0.315, OR = 0.729, 95 %CI = 0.231–2.299). The greater precision of weighted median estimator and IVW suggest our results may support a potential causal association between MCI and CP. Conclusion: The MR analysis demonstrated that MCI has a protective effect on CP.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1756464623004516Calf painMilk chocolateMendelian randomization |
| spellingShingle | Hongtao Liu Fengkun Zhou Causal relationship between milk chocolate intake and calf pain: A Mendelian randomization analysis Journal of Functional Foods Calf pain Milk chocolate Mendelian randomization |
| title | Causal relationship between milk chocolate intake and calf pain: A Mendelian randomization analysis |
| title_full | Causal relationship between milk chocolate intake and calf pain: A Mendelian randomization analysis |
| title_fullStr | Causal relationship between milk chocolate intake and calf pain: A Mendelian randomization analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Causal relationship between milk chocolate intake and calf pain: A Mendelian randomization analysis |
| title_short | Causal relationship between milk chocolate intake and calf pain: A Mendelian randomization analysis |
| title_sort | causal relationship between milk chocolate intake and calf pain a mendelian randomization analysis |
| topic | Calf pain Milk chocolate Mendelian randomization |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1756464623004516 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hongtaoliu causalrelationshipbetweenmilkchocolateintakeandcalfpainamendelianrandomizationanalysis AT fengkunzhou causalrelationshipbetweenmilkchocolateintakeandcalfpainamendelianrandomizationanalysis |