Model-Based Approach for Treated Wastewater Reuse Strategies Focusing on Water and Its Nitrogen Content “A Case Study for Olive Growing Farms in Peri-Urban Areas of Sousse, Tunisia”
One of Tunisia’s main challenges is to conserve and protect water resources for current and future generations. Using non-conventional water in agriculture, such as treated wastewater, can be a sustainable water-saving solution. Therefore, the objectives of this study are (i) to analyze the value ch...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/4/755 |
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| author | Mohamed Kefi Nesrine Kalboussi Alain Rapaport Jérôme Harmand Hakim Gabtni |
| author_facet | Mohamed Kefi Nesrine Kalboussi Alain Rapaport Jérôme Harmand Hakim Gabtni |
| author_sort | Mohamed Kefi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | One of Tunisia’s main challenges is to conserve and protect water resources for current and future generations. Using non-conventional water in agriculture, such as treated wastewater, can be a sustainable water-saving solution. Therefore, the objectives of this study are (i) to analyze the value chain of treated wastewater for olive growing farms production and (ii) to apply mathematical modeling to maximize the olive production in optimizing irrigation distribution and nitrogen amendment in olive growing farms. The work is carried out in a peri-urban irrigated perimeter of Msaken, Sousse, which is mainly occupied by olive trees and irrigated by treated wastewater. A SWOT analysis is also applied to identify the strengths and weaknesses of reuse in this study area. Moreover, mathematical models are used to determine the optimal schedule for fertigation with treated wastewater. In this process, data on rainfall, soil, water quality and olive production were collected from local farmers, local decision makers, field and laboratory experiments. SWOT results determine farmers’ perceptions of reusing treated wastewater for irrigation. The viability analysis, in terms of soil humidity and nitrogen, shows that the nitrogen stress is not a limiting factor for olive biomass production, but water stress is. This analysis provides numerical values for the maximum irrigation rate and total amount of irrigation water to ensure maximum olive production. It was found that the maximum irrigation could be 5.77 m<sup>3</sup>/day/ha and the total annual water requirement is 1240 m<sup>3</sup>/ha. Modeling appears to be an important tool to help local decision makers and to support and encourage local farmers to reuse treated wastewater under safe conditions and without environmental risks. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:59:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a0cd741d15374149b8a761de16535411 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:59:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-a0cd741d15374149b8a761de165354112023-11-16T23:53:02ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-02-0115475510.3390/w15040755Model-Based Approach for Treated Wastewater Reuse Strategies Focusing on Water and Its Nitrogen Content “A Case Study for Olive Growing Farms in Peri-Urban Areas of Sousse, Tunisia”Mohamed Kefi0Nesrine Kalboussi1Alain Rapaport2Jérôme Harmand3Hakim Gabtni4Laboratory of Georesources, Water Research and Technologies Center of Borj Cedria (CERTE), Technopark of Borj Cedria, CERTE/B.P. 273, Route de Touristique de Soliman, Soliman 8020, TunisiaLaboratory of Desalination and Natural Water Valorization, Water Research and Technologies Center of Borj Cedria (CERTE), Technopark of Borj Cedria, CERTE/B.P. 273, Route de Touristique de Soliman, Soliman 8020, TunisiaMISTEA (Mathématiques, Informatique et Statistique Pour l’Environnement et l’Agronomie), University of Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, FranceLBE, University of Montpellier, INRAE, 102 Avenue des Etangs, F-11100 Narbonne, FranceLaboratory of Georesources, Water Research and Technologies Center of Borj Cedria (CERTE), Technopark of Borj Cedria, CERTE/B.P. 273, Route de Touristique de Soliman, Soliman 8020, TunisiaOne of Tunisia’s main challenges is to conserve and protect water resources for current and future generations. Using non-conventional water in agriculture, such as treated wastewater, can be a sustainable water-saving solution. Therefore, the objectives of this study are (i) to analyze the value chain of treated wastewater for olive growing farms production and (ii) to apply mathematical modeling to maximize the olive production in optimizing irrigation distribution and nitrogen amendment in olive growing farms. The work is carried out in a peri-urban irrigated perimeter of Msaken, Sousse, which is mainly occupied by olive trees and irrigated by treated wastewater. A SWOT analysis is also applied to identify the strengths and weaknesses of reuse in this study area. Moreover, mathematical models are used to determine the optimal schedule for fertigation with treated wastewater. In this process, data on rainfall, soil, water quality and olive production were collected from local farmers, local decision makers, field and laboratory experiments. SWOT results determine farmers’ perceptions of reusing treated wastewater for irrigation. The viability analysis, in terms of soil humidity and nitrogen, shows that the nitrogen stress is not a limiting factor for olive biomass production, but water stress is. This analysis provides numerical values for the maximum irrigation rate and total amount of irrigation water to ensure maximum olive production. It was found that the maximum irrigation could be 5.77 m<sup>3</sup>/day/ha and the total annual water requirement is 1240 m<sup>3</sup>/ha. Modeling appears to be an important tool to help local decision makers and to support and encourage local farmers to reuse treated wastewater under safe conditions and without environmental risks.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/4/755olivemathematical modellingnitrogenreuseviability theoryfarmers’ perception |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed Kefi Nesrine Kalboussi Alain Rapaport Jérôme Harmand Hakim Gabtni Model-Based Approach for Treated Wastewater Reuse Strategies Focusing on Water and Its Nitrogen Content “A Case Study for Olive Growing Farms in Peri-Urban Areas of Sousse, Tunisia” Water olive mathematical modelling nitrogen reuse viability theory farmers’ perception |
| title | Model-Based Approach for Treated Wastewater Reuse Strategies Focusing on Water and Its Nitrogen Content “A Case Study for Olive Growing Farms in Peri-Urban Areas of Sousse, Tunisia” |
| title_full | Model-Based Approach for Treated Wastewater Reuse Strategies Focusing on Water and Its Nitrogen Content “A Case Study for Olive Growing Farms in Peri-Urban Areas of Sousse, Tunisia” |
| title_fullStr | Model-Based Approach for Treated Wastewater Reuse Strategies Focusing on Water and Its Nitrogen Content “A Case Study for Olive Growing Farms in Peri-Urban Areas of Sousse, Tunisia” |
| title_full_unstemmed | Model-Based Approach for Treated Wastewater Reuse Strategies Focusing on Water and Its Nitrogen Content “A Case Study for Olive Growing Farms in Peri-Urban Areas of Sousse, Tunisia” |
| title_short | Model-Based Approach for Treated Wastewater Reuse Strategies Focusing on Water and Its Nitrogen Content “A Case Study for Olive Growing Farms in Peri-Urban Areas of Sousse, Tunisia” |
| title_sort | model based approach for treated wastewater reuse strategies focusing on water and its nitrogen content a case study for olive growing farms in peri urban areas of sousse tunisia |
| topic | olive mathematical modelling nitrogen reuse viability theory farmers’ perception |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/4/755 |
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