Transcriptome Analysis and HPLC Profiling of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in <i>Citrus aurantium</i> L. during Its Key Developmental Stages
<i>Citrus aurantium</i> L. (sour orange) is a significant Chinese medicinal and fruit crop rich in flavonoids. However, the pathways and genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis at the key developmental stages of <i>Citrus aurantium</i> L. are not fully understood. This study...
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2022-07-01
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| author | Jing Chen Yaliang Shi Yicheng Zhong Zhimin Sun Juan Niu Yue Wang Tianxin Chen Jianhua Chen Mingbao Luan |
| author_facet | Jing Chen Yaliang Shi Yicheng Zhong Zhimin Sun Juan Niu Yue Wang Tianxin Chen Jianhua Chen Mingbao Luan |
| author_sort | Jing Chen |
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| description | <i>Citrus aurantium</i> L. (sour orange) is a significant Chinese medicinal and fruit crop rich in flavonoids. However, the pathways and genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis at the key developmental stages of <i>Citrus aurantium</i> L. are not fully understood. This study found that the total flavonoid concentration gradually decreased as the fruit developed. Additionally, it showed that neohesperidin was the main flavonoid in the early stages of sour orange fruit development. However, as the development stage progressed, naringin content increased rapidly and emerged as the main flavonoid component. From 27 cDNA libraries, RNA sequencing yielded 16.64 billion clean bases, including 8989 differentially expressed genes. We identified 74 flavonoid related unigenes mapped to the phenylalanine, tyrosine, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. A total of 152 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase genes (UGTs) were identified from <i>C. aurantium</i> L. transcriptome database, in which 22 key flavonoid-correlated UGTs were divided into five main AtGT groups: E, G, I, L, M. We observed that the ethylene responsive factors (ERF) and myeloblastosis (MYB) family mainly regulated the key genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. Overall, our study generated extensive and detailed transcriptome data on the development of <i>C. aurantium</i> L. and characterized the flavonoid biosynthesis pattern during its fruit developmental stages. These results will benefit genetic modification or selection to increase the flavonoid content in sour oranges. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-a0cf4223d5e444e095e3870a86e7f6302023-12-01T21:54:47ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372022-07-01117107810.3390/biology11071078Transcriptome Analysis and HPLC Profiling of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in <i>Citrus aurantium</i> L. during Its Key Developmental StagesJing Chen0Yaliang Shi1Yicheng Zhong2Zhimin Sun3Juan Niu4Yue Wang5Tianxin Chen6Jianhua Chen7Mingbao Luan8Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Stem-Fiber Biomass and Engineering Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410205, ChinaInstitute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Stem-Fiber Biomass and Engineering Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410205, ChinaInstitute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Stem-Fiber Biomass and Engineering Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410205, ChinaInstitute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Stem-Fiber Biomass and Engineering Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410205, ChinaInstitute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Stem-Fiber Biomass and Engineering Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410205, ChinaInstitute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Stem-Fiber Biomass and Engineering Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410205, ChinaInstitute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Stem-Fiber Biomass and Engineering Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410205, ChinaInstitute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Stem-Fiber Biomass and Engineering Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410205, ChinaInstitute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Stem-Fiber Biomass and Engineering Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410205, China<i>Citrus aurantium</i> L. (sour orange) is a significant Chinese medicinal and fruit crop rich in flavonoids. However, the pathways and genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis at the key developmental stages of <i>Citrus aurantium</i> L. are not fully understood. This study found that the total flavonoid concentration gradually decreased as the fruit developed. Additionally, it showed that neohesperidin was the main flavonoid in the early stages of sour orange fruit development. However, as the development stage progressed, naringin content increased rapidly and emerged as the main flavonoid component. From 27 cDNA libraries, RNA sequencing yielded 16.64 billion clean bases, including 8989 differentially expressed genes. We identified 74 flavonoid related unigenes mapped to the phenylalanine, tyrosine, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. A total of 152 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase genes (UGTs) were identified from <i>C. aurantium</i> L. transcriptome database, in which 22 key flavonoid-correlated UGTs were divided into five main AtGT groups: E, G, I, L, M. We observed that the ethylene responsive factors (ERF) and myeloblastosis (MYB) family mainly regulated the key genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. Overall, our study generated extensive and detailed transcriptome data on the development of <i>C. aurantium</i> L. and characterized the flavonoid biosynthesis pattern during its fruit developmental stages. These results will benefit genetic modification or selection to increase the flavonoid content in sour oranges.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/7/1078<i>Citrus aurantium</i> L.transcriptomeflavonoid |
| spellingShingle | Jing Chen Yaliang Shi Yicheng Zhong Zhimin Sun Juan Niu Yue Wang Tianxin Chen Jianhua Chen Mingbao Luan Transcriptome Analysis and HPLC Profiling of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in <i>Citrus aurantium</i> L. during Its Key Developmental Stages Biology <i>Citrus aurantium</i> L. transcriptome flavonoid |
| title | Transcriptome Analysis and HPLC Profiling of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in <i>Citrus aurantium</i> L. during Its Key Developmental Stages |
| title_full | Transcriptome Analysis and HPLC Profiling of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in <i>Citrus aurantium</i> L. during Its Key Developmental Stages |
| title_fullStr | Transcriptome Analysis and HPLC Profiling of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in <i>Citrus aurantium</i> L. during Its Key Developmental Stages |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transcriptome Analysis and HPLC Profiling of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in <i>Citrus aurantium</i> L. during Its Key Developmental Stages |
| title_short | Transcriptome Analysis and HPLC Profiling of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in <i>Citrus aurantium</i> L. during Its Key Developmental Stages |
| title_sort | transcriptome analysis and hplc profiling of flavonoid biosynthesis in i citrus aurantium i l during its key developmental stages |
| topic | <i>Citrus aurantium</i> L. transcriptome flavonoid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/7/1078 |
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