Nutraceuticals in HIV and COVID-19-Related Neurological Complications: Opportunity to Use Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Modality
People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are at an increased risk of severe and critical COVID-19 infection. There is a steady increase in neurological complications associated with COVID-19 infection, exacerbating HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in PLWHA. Nutraceuticals, such as phytochem...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/2/177 |
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| author | Sunitha Kodidela Sandip Godse Asit Kumar Xuyen H. Nguyen Alina Cernasev Lina Zhou Ajay Kumar Singh Hari K. Bhat Santosh Kumar |
| author_facet | Sunitha Kodidela Sandip Godse Asit Kumar Xuyen H. Nguyen Alina Cernasev Lina Zhou Ajay Kumar Singh Hari K. Bhat Santosh Kumar |
| author_sort | Sunitha Kodidela |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are at an increased risk of severe and critical COVID-19 infection. There is a steady increase in neurological complications associated with COVID-19 infection, exacerbating HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in PLWHA. Nutraceuticals, such as phytochemicals from medicinal plants and dietary supplements, have been used as adjunct therapies for many disease conditions, including viral infections. Appropriate use of these adjunct therapies with antiviral proprieties may be beneficial in treating and/or prophylaxis of neurological complications associated with these co-infections. However, most of these nutraceuticals have poor bioavailability and cannot cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB). To overcome this challenge, extracellular vesicles (EVs), biological nanovesicles, can be used. Due to their intrinsic features of biocompatibility, stability, and their ability to cross BBB, as well as inherent homing capabilities, EVs hold immense promise for therapeutic drug delivery to the brain. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the potential role of different nutraceuticals in reducing HIV- and COVID-19-associated neurological complications and the use of EVs as nutraceutical/drug delivery vehicles to treat HIV, COVID-19, and other brain disorders. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:35:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a0e74e02d1a748aeb17625efc50d1162 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:35:59Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a0e74e02d1a748aeb17625efc50d11622023-11-23T18:49:15ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372022-01-0111217710.3390/biology11020177Nutraceuticals in HIV and COVID-19-Related Neurological Complications: Opportunity to Use Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery ModalitySunitha Kodidela0Sandip Godse1Asit Kumar2Xuyen H. Nguyen3Alina Cernasev4Lina Zhou5Ajay Kumar Singh6Hari K. Bhat7Santosh Kumar8Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USADepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USADepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USADepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USADepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Nashville, TN 37211, USADepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USADepartment of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 7465 Medical Research Building IV, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USADivision of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USADepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USAPeople living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are at an increased risk of severe and critical COVID-19 infection. There is a steady increase in neurological complications associated with COVID-19 infection, exacerbating HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in PLWHA. Nutraceuticals, such as phytochemicals from medicinal plants and dietary supplements, have been used as adjunct therapies for many disease conditions, including viral infections. Appropriate use of these adjunct therapies with antiviral proprieties may be beneficial in treating and/or prophylaxis of neurological complications associated with these co-infections. However, most of these nutraceuticals have poor bioavailability and cannot cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB). To overcome this challenge, extracellular vesicles (EVs), biological nanovesicles, can be used. Due to their intrinsic features of biocompatibility, stability, and their ability to cross BBB, as well as inherent homing capabilities, EVs hold immense promise for therapeutic drug delivery to the brain. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the potential role of different nutraceuticals in reducing HIV- and COVID-19-associated neurological complications and the use of EVs as nutraceutical/drug delivery vehicles to treat HIV, COVID-19, and other brain disorders.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/2/177nutraceuticalsdietary supplementsSARS-CoV-2COVID-19HIVextracellular vesicles |
| spellingShingle | Sunitha Kodidela Sandip Godse Asit Kumar Xuyen H. Nguyen Alina Cernasev Lina Zhou Ajay Kumar Singh Hari K. Bhat Santosh Kumar Nutraceuticals in HIV and COVID-19-Related Neurological Complications: Opportunity to Use Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Modality Biology nutraceuticals dietary supplements SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 HIV extracellular vesicles |
| title | Nutraceuticals in HIV and COVID-19-Related Neurological Complications: Opportunity to Use Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Modality |
| title_full | Nutraceuticals in HIV and COVID-19-Related Neurological Complications: Opportunity to Use Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Modality |
| title_fullStr | Nutraceuticals in HIV and COVID-19-Related Neurological Complications: Opportunity to Use Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Modality |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nutraceuticals in HIV and COVID-19-Related Neurological Complications: Opportunity to Use Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Modality |
| title_short | Nutraceuticals in HIV and COVID-19-Related Neurological Complications: Opportunity to Use Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Modality |
| title_sort | nutraceuticals in hiv and covid 19 related neurological complications opportunity to use extracellular vesicles as drug delivery modality |
| topic | nutraceuticals dietary supplements SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 HIV extracellular vesicles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/2/177 |
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