West Nile Virus Restriction in Mosquito and Human Cells: A Virus under Confinement
West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging neurotropic flavivirus that naturally circulates between mosquitoes and birds. However, WNV has a broad host range and can be transmitted from mosquitoes to several mammalian species, including humans, through infected saliva during a blood meal. Although WNV inf...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-05-01
|
| Series: | Vaccines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/2/256 |
| _version_ | 1797566677780529152 |
|---|---|
| author | Marie-France Martin Sébastien Nisole |
| author_facet | Marie-France Martin Sébastien Nisole |
| author_sort | Marie-France Martin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging neurotropic flavivirus that naturally circulates between mosquitoes and birds. However, WNV has a broad host range and can be transmitted from mosquitoes to several mammalian species, including humans, through infected saliva during a blood meal. Although WNV infections are mostly asymptomatic, 20% to 30% of cases are symptomatic and can occasionally lead to severe symptoms, including fatal meningitis or encephalitis. Over the past decades, WNV-carrying mosquitoes have become increasingly widespread across new regions, including North America and Europe, which constitutes a public health concern. Nevertheless, mosquito and human innate immune defenses can detect WNV infection and induce the expression of antiviral effectors, so-called viral restriction factors, to control viral propagation. Conversely, WNV has developed countermeasures to escape these host defenses, thus establishing a constant arms race between the virus and its hosts. Our review intends to cover most of the current knowledge on viral restriction factors as well as WNV evasion strategies in mosquito and human cells in order to bring an updated overview on WNV–host interactions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:30:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a0ec9f0f40f141ca864aeb21f44abbaa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:30:53Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-a0ec9f0f40f141ca864aeb21f44abbaa2023-11-20T02:09:52ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2020-05-018225610.3390/vaccines8020256West Nile Virus Restriction in Mosquito and Human Cells: A Virus under ConfinementMarie-France Martin0Sébastien Nisole1Viral Trafficking, Restriction and Innate Signaling Team, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, FranceViral Trafficking, Restriction and Innate Signaling Team, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, FranceWest Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging neurotropic flavivirus that naturally circulates between mosquitoes and birds. However, WNV has a broad host range and can be transmitted from mosquitoes to several mammalian species, including humans, through infected saliva during a blood meal. Although WNV infections are mostly asymptomatic, 20% to 30% of cases are symptomatic and can occasionally lead to severe symptoms, including fatal meningitis or encephalitis. Over the past decades, WNV-carrying mosquitoes have become increasingly widespread across new regions, including North America and Europe, which constitutes a public health concern. Nevertheless, mosquito and human innate immune defenses can detect WNV infection and induce the expression of antiviral effectors, so-called viral restriction factors, to control viral propagation. Conversely, WNV has developed countermeasures to escape these host defenses, thus establishing a constant arms race between the virus and its hosts. Our review intends to cover most of the current knowledge on viral restriction factors as well as WNV evasion strategies in mosquito and human cells in order to bring an updated overview on WNV–host interactions.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/2/256West Nile virusrestriction factorsinterferoninnate immunitymosquitoviral countermeasures |
| spellingShingle | Marie-France Martin Sébastien Nisole West Nile Virus Restriction in Mosquito and Human Cells: A Virus under Confinement Vaccines West Nile virus restriction factors interferon innate immunity mosquito viral countermeasures |
| title | West Nile Virus Restriction in Mosquito and Human Cells: A Virus under Confinement |
| title_full | West Nile Virus Restriction in Mosquito and Human Cells: A Virus under Confinement |
| title_fullStr | West Nile Virus Restriction in Mosquito and Human Cells: A Virus under Confinement |
| title_full_unstemmed | West Nile Virus Restriction in Mosquito and Human Cells: A Virus under Confinement |
| title_short | West Nile Virus Restriction in Mosquito and Human Cells: A Virus under Confinement |
| title_sort | west nile virus restriction in mosquito and human cells a virus under confinement |
| topic | West Nile virus restriction factors interferon innate immunity mosquito viral countermeasures |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/2/256 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mariefrancemartin westnilevirusrestrictioninmosquitoandhumancellsavirusunderconfinement AT sebastiennisole westnilevirusrestrictioninmosquitoandhumancellsavirusunderconfinement |