Autonomic Nervous System in Obesity and Insulin-Resistance—The Complex Interplay between Leptin and Central Nervous System
The role of the autonomic nervous system in obesity and insulin-resistant conditions has been largely explored. However, the exact mechanisms involved in this relation have not been completely elucidated yet, since most of these mechanisms display a bi-directional effect. Insulin-resistance, for ins...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/10/5187 |
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| author | Benedetta Russo Marika Menduni Patrizia Borboni Fabiana Picconi Simona Frontoni |
| author_facet | Benedetta Russo Marika Menduni Patrizia Borboni Fabiana Picconi Simona Frontoni |
| author_sort | Benedetta Russo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The role of the autonomic nervous system in obesity and insulin-resistant conditions has been largely explored. However, the exact mechanisms involved in this relation have not been completely elucidated yet, since most of these mechanisms display a bi-directional effect. Insulin-resistance, for instance, can be caused by sympathetic activation, but, in turn, the associated hyperinsulinemia can activate the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system. The picture is made even more complex by the implicated neural, hormonal and nutritional mechanisms. Among them, leptin plays a pivotal role, being involved not only in appetite regulation and glucose homeostasis but also in energy expenditure. The purpose of this review is to offer a comprehensive view of the complex interplay between leptin and the central nervous system, providing further insights on the impact of autonomic nervous system balance on adipose tissue and insulin-resistance. Furthermore, the link between the circadian clock and leptin and its effect on metabolism and energy balance will be evaluated. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:26:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a0f0ee2fd39e47bc80aa3cc4ac3ae071 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:26:05Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-a0f0ee2fd39e47bc80aa3cc4ac3ae0712023-11-21T19:41:46ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-05-012210518710.3390/ijms22105187Autonomic Nervous System in Obesity and Insulin-Resistance—The Complex Interplay between Leptin and Central Nervous SystemBenedetta Russo0Marika Menduni1Patrizia Borboni2Fabiana Picconi3Simona Frontoni4Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, S. Giovanni Calibita, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 00186 Rome, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, S. Giovanni Calibita, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 00186 Rome, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, S. Giovanni Calibita, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 00186 Rome, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, S. Giovanni Calibita, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 00186 Rome, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, S. Giovanni Calibita, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 00186 Rome, ItalyThe role of the autonomic nervous system in obesity and insulin-resistant conditions has been largely explored. However, the exact mechanisms involved in this relation have not been completely elucidated yet, since most of these mechanisms display a bi-directional effect. Insulin-resistance, for instance, can be caused by sympathetic activation, but, in turn, the associated hyperinsulinemia can activate the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system. The picture is made even more complex by the implicated neural, hormonal and nutritional mechanisms. Among them, leptin plays a pivotal role, being involved not only in appetite regulation and glucose homeostasis but also in energy expenditure. The purpose of this review is to offer a comprehensive view of the complex interplay between leptin and the central nervous system, providing further insights on the impact of autonomic nervous system balance on adipose tissue and insulin-resistance. Furthermore, the link between the circadian clock and leptin and its effect on metabolism and energy balance will be evaluated.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/10/5187autonomic nervous system (ANS)leptininsulin-resistancecentral nervous system (CNS) |
| spellingShingle | Benedetta Russo Marika Menduni Patrizia Borboni Fabiana Picconi Simona Frontoni Autonomic Nervous System in Obesity and Insulin-Resistance—The Complex Interplay between Leptin and Central Nervous System International Journal of Molecular Sciences autonomic nervous system (ANS) leptin insulin-resistance central nervous system (CNS) |
| title | Autonomic Nervous System in Obesity and Insulin-Resistance—The Complex Interplay between Leptin and Central Nervous System |
| title_full | Autonomic Nervous System in Obesity and Insulin-Resistance—The Complex Interplay between Leptin and Central Nervous System |
| title_fullStr | Autonomic Nervous System in Obesity and Insulin-Resistance—The Complex Interplay between Leptin and Central Nervous System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Autonomic Nervous System in Obesity and Insulin-Resistance—The Complex Interplay between Leptin and Central Nervous System |
| title_short | Autonomic Nervous System in Obesity and Insulin-Resistance—The Complex Interplay between Leptin and Central Nervous System |
| title_sort | autonomic nervous system in obesity and insulin resistance the complex interplay between leptin and central nervous system |
| topic | autonomic nervous system (ANS) leptin insulin-resistance central nervous system (CNS) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/10/5187 |
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