The Status and Risk Factors of Brucellosis in Smallholder Dairy Cattle in Selected Regions of Tanzania
Bovine brucellosis is a bacterial zoonoses caused by <i>Brucella abortus</i>. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine brucellosis seroprevalence and risk factors among smallholder dairy cattle across six regions in Tanzania. We sampled 2048 dairy cattle on 1374 farms between Ju...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/2/155 |
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| author | Isaac Joseph Mengele Gabriel Mkilema Shirima Shedrack Festo Bwatota Shabani Kiyabo Motto Barend Mark de Clare Bronsvoort Daniel Mushumbusi Komwihangilo Eliamoni Lyatuu Elizabeth Anne Jessie Cook Luis E. Hernandez-Castro |
| author_facet | Isaac Joseph Mengele Gabriel Mkilema Shirima Shedrack Festo Bwatota Shabani Kiyabo Motto Barend Mark de Clare Bronsvoort Daniel Mushumbusi Komwihangilo Eliamoni Lyatuu Elizabeth Anne Jessie Cook Luis E. Hernandez-Castro |
| author_sort | Isaac Joseph Mengele |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bovine brucellosis is a bacterial zoonoses caused by <i>Brucella abortus</i>. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine brucellosis seroprevalence and risk factors among smallholder dairy cattle across six regions in Tanzania. We sampled 2048 dairy cattle on 1374 farms between July 2019 and October 2020. Sera were tested for the presence of anti-<i>Brucella</i> antibodies using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seroprevalence was calculated at different administrative scales, and spatial tests were used to detect disease hotspots. A generalized mixed-effects regression model was built to explore the relationships among <i>Brucella</i> serostatus, animals, and farm management factors. Seroprevalence was 2.39% (49/2048 cattle, 95% CI 1.7–3.1) across the study area and the Njombe Region represented the highest percentage with 15.5% (95% CI 11.0–22.0). Moreover, hotspots were detected in the Njombe and Kilimanjaro Regions. Mixed-effects models showed that having goats (OR 3.02, 95% C 1.22–7.46) and abortion history (OR 4.91, 95% CI 1.43–16.9) were significant risk factors for brucellosis. Education of dairy farmers regarding the clinical signs, transmission routes, and control measures for brucellosis is advised. A One Health approach is required to study the role of small ruminants in cattle brucellosis and the status of brucellosis in dairy farmers in the Njombe and Kilimanjaro Regions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:02:03Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2306-7381 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:02:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-a10c7a6c617d45d6819717575dbad5b72023-11-16T23:46:24ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812023-02-0110215510.3390/vetsci10020155The Status and Risk Factors of Brucellosis in Smallholder Dairy Cattle in Selected Regions of TanzaniaIsaac Joseph Mengele0Gabriel Mkilema Shirima1Shedrack Festo Bwatota2Shabani Kiyabo Motto3Barend Mark de Clare Bronsvoort4Daniel Mushumbusi Komwihangilo5Eliamoni Lyatuu6Elizabeth Anne Jessie Cook7Luis E. Hernandez-Castro8Department of Global Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), Arusha P.O. Box 447, TanzaniaDepartment of Global Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), Arusha P.O. Box 447, TanzaniaDepartment of Global Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), Arusha P.O. Box 447, TanzaniaDepartment of Global Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), Arusha P.O. Box 447, TanzaniaThe Epidemiology, Economics and Risk Assessment (EERA) Group, The Roslin Institute at the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UKTanzania Livestock Research Institute (TALIRI), Dodoma P.O. Box 834, TanzaniaInternational Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Dar Es Salaam P.O. Box 34441, TanzaniaInternational Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, KenyaThe Epidemiology, Economics and Risk Assessment (EERA) Group, The Roslin Institute at the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UKBovine brucellosis is a bacterial zoonoses caused by <i>Brucella abortus</i>. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine brucellosis seroprevalence and risk factors among smallholder dairy cattle across six regions in Tanzania. We sampled 2048 dairy cattle on 1374 farms between July 2019 and October 2020. Sera were tested for the presence of anti-<i>Brucella</i> antibodies using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seroprevalence was calculated at different administrative scales, and spatial tests were used to detect disease hotspots. A generalized mixed-effects regression model was built to explore the relationships among <i>Brucella</i> serostatus, animals, and farm management factors. Seroprevalence was 2.39% (49/2048 cattle, 95% CI 1.7–3.1) across the study area and the Njombe Region represented the highest percentage with 15.5% (95% CI 11.0–22.0). Moreover, hotspots were detected in the Njombe and Kilimanjaro Regions. Mixed-effects models showed that having goats (OR 3.02, 95% C 1.22–7.46) and abortion history (OR 4.91, 95% CI 1.43–16.9) were significant risk factors for brucellosis. Education of dairy farmers regarding the clinical signs, transmission routes, and control measures for brucellosis is advised. A One Health approach is required to study the role of small ruminants in cattle brucellosis and the status of brucellosis in dairy farmers in the Njombe and Kilimanjaro Regions.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/2/155brucellosisdairy cattlecELISAseroprevalencerisk factorscontrol |
| spellingShingle | Isaac Joseph Mengele Gabriel Mkilema Shirima Shedrack Festo Bwatota Shabani Kiyabo Motto Barend Mark de Clare Bronsvoort Daniel Mushumbusi Komwihangilo Eliamoni Lyatuu Elizabeth Anne Jessie Cook Luis E. Hernandez-Castro The Status and Risk Factors of Brucellosis in Smallholder Dairy Cattle in Selected Regions of Tanzania Veterinary Sciences brucellosis dairy cattle cELISA seroprevalence risk factors control |
| title | The Status and Risk Factors of Brucellosis in Smallholder Dairy Cattle in Selected Regions of Tanzania |
| title_full | The Status and Risk Factors of Brucellosis in Smallholder Dairy Cattle in Selected Regions of Tanzania |
| title_fullStr | The Status and Risk Factors of Brucellosis in Smallholder Dairy Cattle in Selected Regions of Tanzania |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Status and Risk Factors of Brucellosis in Smallholder Dairy Cattle in Selected Regions of Tanzania |
| title_short | The Status and Risk Factors of Brucellosis in Smallholder Dairy Cattle in Selected Regions of Tanzania |
| title_sort | status and risk factors of brucellosis in smallholder dairy cattle in selected regions of tanzania |
| topic | brucellosis dairy cattle cELISA seroprevalence risk factors control |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/2/155 |
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