Identification and Molecular Characterization of Geranyl Diphosphate Synthase (GPPS) Genes in Wintersweet Flower
Geranyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS) is a plastid localized enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of Geranyl diphosphate (GPP), which is a universal precursor of monoterpenes. Wintersweet (<i>Chimonanthus praecox</i> L.), a famous deciduous flowering shrub with a strong floral scent char...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/5/666 |
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| author | Hafiz Muhammad Kamran Syed Bilal Hussain Shang Junzhong Lin Xiang Long-Qing Chen |
| author_facet | Hafiz Muhammad Kamran Syed Bilal Hussain Shang Junzhong Lin Xiang Long-Qing Chen |
| author_sort | Hafiz Muhammad Kamran |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Geranyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS) is a plastid localized enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of Geranyl diphosphate (GPP), which is a universal precursor of monoterpenes. Wintersweet (<i>Chimonanthus praecox</i> L.), a famous deciduous flowering shrub with a strong floral scent character, could have GPPS-like homologs that are involved in monoterpenes biosynthesis, but it remains unclear. In the present study, five full-length GPPS and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases (GGPPS) genes were identified in the wintersweet transcriptome database. The isolated cDNAs showed high protein sequence similarity with the other plants GPPS and GGPPS. The phylogenetic analysis further classified these cDNAs into four distinct clades, representing heterodimeric GPPS small subunits (SSU1 and SSU2), homodimeric GPPS, and GGPPS. Analysis of temporal expression revealed that all genes have the highest transcript level at the full-open flower stage. From tissue-specific expression analysis, <i>CpGPPS.SSU1</i> and <i>CpGGPPS1</i> were predominantly expressed in petal and flower, whereas <i>CpGPPS.SSU2</i>, <i>GPPS</i>, and <i>GGPPS2</i> showed a constitutive expression. Additionally, the subcellular localization assay identified the chloroplast localization of SSUs and GGPPSs proteins, and the yeast two-hybrid assay showed that both <i>Cp</i>GPPS.SSU1 and <i>Cp</i>GPPS.SSU2 can interact with the GGPPS proteins. Taken together, these preliminary results suggest that the heterodimeric GPPS can regulate floral scent biosynthesis in wintersweet flower. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:37:53Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:37:53Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-a10d19e6e1b64599a6477601d91c4d862023-11-20T01:34:46ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472020-05-019566610.3390/plants9050666Identification and Molecular Characterization of Geranyl Diphosphate Synthase (GPPS) Genes in Wintersweet FlowerHafiz Muhammad Kamran0Syed Bilal Hussain1Shang Junzhong2Lin Xiang3Long-Qing Chen4Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaKey Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaKey Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaKey Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaSouthwest Engineering Research Center for Landscape Architecture (State Forestry and Grassland Administration), Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaGeranyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS) is a plastid localized enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of Geranyl diphosphate (GPP), which is a universal precursor of monoterpenes. Wintersweet (<i>Chimonanthus praecox</i> L.), a famous deciduous flowering shrub with a strong floral scent character, could have GPPS-like homologs that are involved in monoterpenes biosynthesis, but it remains unclear. In the present study, five full-length GPPS and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases (GGPPS) genes were identified in the wintersweet transcriptome database. The isolated cDNAs showed high protein sequence similarity with the other plants GPPS and GGPPS. The phylogenetic analysis further classified these cDNAs into four distinct clades, representing heterodimeric GPPS small subunits (SSU1 and SSU2), homodimeric GPPS, and GGPPS. Analysis of temporal expression revealed that all genes have the highest transcript level at the full-open flower stage. From tissue-specific expression analysis, <i>CpGPPS.SSU1</i> and <i>CpGGPPS1</i> were predominantly expressed in petal and flower, whereas <i>CpGPPS.SSU2</i>, <i>GPPS</i>, and <i>GGPPS2</i> showed a constitutive expression. Additionally, the subcellular localization assay identified the chloroplast localization of SSUs and GGPPSs proteins, and the yeast two-hybrid assay showed that both <i>Cp</i>GPPS.SSU1 and <i>Cp</i>GPPS.SSU2 can interact with the GGPPS proteins. Taken together, these preliminary results suggest that the heterodimeric GPPS can regulate floral scent biosynthesis in wintersweet flower.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/5/666wintersweetfloral fragranceGPPSGGPPSyeast two-hybrid assay |
| spellingShingle | Hafiz Muhammad Kamran Syed Bilal Hussain Shang Junzhong Lin Xiang Long-Qing Chen Identification and Molecular Characterization of Geranyl Diphosphate Synthase (GPPS) Genes in Wintersweet Flower Plants wintersweet floral fragrance GPPS GGPPS yeast two-hybrid assay |
| title | Identification and Molecular Characterization of Geranyl Diphosphate Synthase (GPPS) Genes in Wintersweet Flower |
| title_full | Identification and Molecular Characterization of Geranyl Diphosphate Synthase (GPPS) Genes in Wintersweet Flower |
| title_fullStr | Identification and Molecular Characterization of Geranyl Diphosphate Synthase (GPPS) Genes in Wintersweet Flower |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification and Molecular Characterization of Geranyl Diphosphate Synthase (GPPS) Genes in Wintersweet Flower |
| title_short | Identification and Molecular Characterization of Geranyl Diphosphate Synthase (GPPS) Genes in Wintersweet Flower |
| title_sort | identification and molecular characterization of geranyl diphosphate synthase gpps genes in wintersweet flower |
| topic | wintersweet floral fragrance GPPS GGPPS yeast two-hybrid assay |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/5/666 |
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