SEM, XRD and FTIR analyses of both ultrasonic and heat generated activated carbon black microstructures
The microstructures of the activated carbon black microparticles (ACBMPs) generated through both treatments of 20 min ultrasonic and 400 °C thermal energy equivalent have been analyzed properly using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR)...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2020-03-01
|
| Series: | Heliyon |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844020303911 |
| _version_ | 1819267930850852864 |
|---|---|
| author | Pratama Jujur Wibawa Muhammad Nur Mukhamad Asy'ari Hadi Nur |
| author_facet | Pratama Jujur Wibawa Muhammad Nur Mukhamad Asy'ari Hadi Nur |
| author_sort | Pratama Jujur Wibawa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The microstructures of the activated carbon black microparticles (ACBMPs) generated through both treatments of 20 min ultrasonic and 400 °C thermal energy equivalent have been analyzed properly using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy methods. The research was aiming to generate binding or active sites points on the outer surface of the ACBMPs body of which commonly plays an important role in both adsorption and catalytic processes. It was observed that around 150 nm up to 400 nm in average diameter super macro voids with many various turns of nano-scale wells, and around 1.84 angstrom (Å) up to 15.98 Å intraparticle pores were generated. In addition, the parallel planes spacing of the carbonaceous framework sheets, namely dhkl in Miller indexes terminology, of about 4.44 Å up to 2.98 Å constructed the inner particles of the ACBMPs body. A new nomenclature method for the binding or active site shapes identification and classifying them into four categories based on the quadrants terminology, i.e. quadrant one (Q1), two (Q2), three (Q3) and four (Q4) is proposed. Each the quadrants contains four categories of turns types, i.e. sharp, semi sharp, obtuse and non-significant turns depending on the angle of the associated turn in radian angle, θ. Finally, it can be concluded that the combination of ultrasonic and thermal energy treatments in fabricating ACBMPs could generate binding or active site points with unique shapes as a transit terminal for any guest molecules, in this context is methyl red (MR) molecules to enter into the suitable intra-particles pores of the ACBMPs body. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T21:25:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a10f910c5e4943348d14df96f40d6166 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T21:25:00Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-a10f910c5e4943348d14df96f40d61662022-12-21T17:30:38ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402020-03-0163e03546SEM, XRD and FTIR analyses of both ultrasonic and heat generated activated carbon black microstructuresPratama Jujur Wibawa0Muhammad Nur1Mukhamad Asy'ari2Hadi Nur3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics Diponegoro University, Jalan Prof. H. Soedarto, SH. No.1 Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia; Center for Plasma Research, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics Diponegoro University, Jalan Prof. H. Soedarto, SH. No.1 Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia; Corresponding author.Center for Plasma Research, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics Diponegoro University, Jalan Prof. H. Soedarto, SH. No.1 Tembalang, Semarang, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics Diponegoro University, Jalan Prof. H. Soedarto, SH. No.1 Tembalang, Semarang, IndonesiaCenter for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, MalaysiaThe microstructures of the activated carbon black microparticles (ACBMPs) generated through both treatments of 20 min ultrasonic and 400 °C thermal energy equivalent have been analyzed properly using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy methods. The research was aiming to generate binding or active sites points on the outer surface of the ACBMPs body of which commonly plays an important role in both adsorption and catalytic processes. It was observed that around 150 nm up to 400 nm in average diameter super macro voids with many various turns of nano-scale wells, and around 1.84 angstrom (Å) up to 15.98 Å intraparticle pores were generated. In addition, the parallel planes spacing of the carbonaceous framework sheets, namely dhkl in Miller indexes terminology, of about 4.44 Å up to 2.98 Å constructed the inner particles of the ACBMPs body. A new nomenclature method for the binding or active site shapes identification and classifying them into four categories based on the quadrants terminology, i.e. quadrant one (Q1), two (Q2), three (Q3) and four (Q4) is proposed. Each the quadrants contains four categories of turns types, i.e. sharp, semi sharp, obtuse and non-significant turns depending on the angle of the associated turn in radian angle, θ. Finally, it can be concluded that the combination of ultrasonic and thermal energy treatments in fabricating ACBMPs could generate binding or active site points with unique shapes as a transit terminal for any guest molecules, in this context is methyl red (MR) molecules to enter into the suitable intra-particles pores of the ACBMPs body.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844020303911MicromaterialsSEM analysisXRD AnalysisActivated carbon black microparticlesFTIR analysisUltrasonic treatment |
| spellingShingle | Pratama Jujur Wibawa Muhammad Nur Mukhamad Asy'ari Hadi Nur SEM, XRD and FTIR analyses of both ultrasonic and heat generated activated carbon black microstructures Heliyon Micromaterials SEM analysis XRD Analysis Activated carbon black microparticles FTIR analysis Ultrasonic treatment |
| title | SEM, XRD and FTIR analyses of both ultrasonic and heat generated activated carbon black microstructures |
| title_full | SEM, XRD and FTIR analyses of both ultrasonic and heat generated activated carbon black microstructures |
| title_fullStr | SEM, XRD and FTIR analyses of both ultrasonic and heat generated activated carbon black microstructures |
| title_full_unstemmed | SEM, XRD and FTIR analyses of both ultrasonic and heat generated activated carbon black microstructures |
| title_short | SEM, XRD and FTIR analyses of both ultrasonic and heat generated activated carbon black microstructures |
| title_sort | sem xrd and ftir analyses of both ultrasonic and heat generated activated carbon black microstructures |
| topic | Micromaterials SEM analysis XRD Analysis Activated carbon black microparticles FTIR analysis Ultrasonic treatment |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844020303911 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pratamajujurwibawa semxrdandftiranalysesofbothultrasonicandheatgeneratedactivatedcarbonblackmicrostructures AT muhammadnur semxrdandftiranalysesofbothultrasonicandheatgeneratedactivatedcarbonblackmicrostructures AT mukhamadasyari semxrdandftiranalysesofbothultrasonicandheatgeneratedactivatedcarbonblackmicrostructures AT hadinur semxrdandftiranalysesofbothultrasonicandheatgeneratedactivatedcarbonblackmicrostructures |