Mechanisms of immune evasion of monkeypox virus
The mpox (disease caused by the monkeypox virus) epidemic in 2022 provides a good opportunity to study the immune response to mpox. Vaccinia virus-infected monocytes could be recognized by monkeypox virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which produce inflammatory cytokines including IFNγ and TNFα. H...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1106247/full |
| _version_ | 1797937987456073728 |
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| author | Milad Zandi Maryam Shafaati Maryam Shafaati Fatemeh Hosseini Fatemeh Hosseini |
| author_facet | Milad Zandi Maryam Shafaati Maryam Shafaati Fatemeh Hosseini Fatemeh Hosseini |
| author_sort | Milad Zandi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The mpox (disease caused by the monkeypox virus) epidemic in 2022 provides a good opportunity to study the immune response to mpox. Vaccinia virus-infected monocytes could be recognized by monkeypox virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which produce inflammatory cytokines including IFNγ and TNFα. However, these cells are mostly unable to react to monkeypox virus-infected cells. The monkeypox virus also has no effect on the expression of MHC classes. Cells infected with monkeypox virus can prevent T cells from being activated via their T cell receptors. Insensitivity is an MHC-independent strategy for controlling antiviral T cells activation and inflammatory cytokines production. It is likely a critical aspect of virus spread in the infected host. The ability of monkeypox virus to spread efficiently as cell-associated viremia may be explained by the evasion strategies employed by the virus to subvert immunological surveillance by virus-specific T cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T18:53:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a113be79286c45f689b2398875817aa8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T18:53:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a113be79286c45f689b2398875817aa82023-02-01T05:14:49ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2023-02-011410.3389/fmicb.2023.11062471106247Mechanisms of immune evasion of monkeypox virusMilad Zandi0Maryam Shafaati1Maryam Shafaati2Fatemeh Hosseini3Fatemeh Hosseini4Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty Science, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, IranOccupational Sleep Research, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranDepartment of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies on Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies on Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranThe mpox (disease caused by the monkeypox virus) epidemic in 2022 provides a good opportunity to study the immune response to mpox. Vaccinia virus-infected monocytes could be recognized by monkeypox virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which produce inflammatory cytokines including IFNγ and TNFα. However, these cells are mostly unable to react to monkeypox virus-infected cells. The monkeypox virus also has no effect on the expression of MHC classes. Cells infected with monkeypox virus can prevent T cells from being activated via their T cell receptors. Insensitivity is an MHC-independent strategy for controlling antiviral T cells activation and inflammatory cytokines production. It is likely a critical aspect of virus spread in the infected host. The ability of monkeypox virus to spread efficiently as cell-associated viremia may be explained by the evasion strategies employed by the virus to subvert immunological surveillance by virus-specific T cells.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1106247/fullmpoximmune evasionemerging viral diseasepoxviridaeimmune system |
| spellingShingle | Milad Zandi Maryam Shafaati Maryam Shafaati Fatemeh Hosseini Fatemeh Hosseini Mechanisms of immune evasion of monkeypox virus Frontiers in Microbiology mpox immune evasion emerging viral disease poxviridae immune system |
| title | Mechanisms of immune evasion of monkeypox virus |
| title_full | Mechanisms of immune evasion of monkeypox virus |
| title_fullStr | Mechanisms of immune evasion of monkeypox virus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanisms of immune evasion of monkeypox virus |
| title_short | Mechanisms of immune evasion of monkeypox virus |
| title_sort | mechanisms of immune evasion of monkeypox virus |
| topic | mpox immune evasion emerging viral disease poxviridae immune system |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1106247/full |
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