The sea urchin immune system
Metchnikoff’s use of sea star larvae to observe encapsulation and phagocytosis, which was followedmuch later by allograft rejection kinetics, revealed that echinoderms had an innate immune system thatwas lacking of adaptive attributes. Larval sea urchins mount defenses in response to contact withmic...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
2006-05-01
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| Series: | Invertebrate Survival Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.isj.unimo.it/articoli/ISJ114.pdf |
| _version_ | 1828835867021541376 |
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| author | LC Smith JP Rast V Brockton DP Terwilliger SV Nair KM Buckley AJ Majeske |
| author_facet | LC Smith JP Rast V Brockton DP Terwilliger SV Nair KM Buckley AJ Majeske |
| author_sort | LC Smith |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Metchnikoff’s use of sea star larvae to observe encapsulation and phagocytosis, which was followedmuch later by allograft rejection kinetics, revealed that echinoderms had an innate immune system thatwas lacking of adaptive attributes. Larval sea urchins mount defenses in response to contact withmicrobes, which are mediated by phagocytic blastocoelar cells and pigment cells. In the adult, thecoelomocytes mediate immune responses through phagocytosis and encapsulation of foreign particles inaddition to degranulation of antimicrobial molecules. Molecular analysis of immune functions in the seaurchin has demonstrated a complement system that appears to have multiple alternative pathways andseveral activators of the lectin pathway, but may be missing the terminal pathway. Other genes andproteins involved in the sea urchin immunity include expanded sets of lectins, proteins with scavengerreceptor cysteine-rich repeats, Toll-like receptors and associated signalling proteins. A vast array ofproteins belonging to the 185/333 family are expressed in coelomocytes in response to lipopolysaccharideand show a surprising level of diversity. The sea urchin innate immune system has a number of largegene families with unexpected complexities and elevated levels of diversification. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T18:11:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a115de4d5b1248b1b76fa594cbfc32fc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1824-307X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T18:11:33Z |
| publishDate | 2006-05-01 |
| publisher | University of Modena and Reggio Emilia |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Invertebrate Survival Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-a115de4d5b1248b1b76fa594cbfc32fc2022-12-22T00:16:22ZengUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaInvertebrate Survival Journal1824-307X2006-05-01312539The sea urchin immune systemLC SmithJP RastV BrocktonDP TerwilligerSV NairKM BuckleyAJ MajeskeMetchnikoff’s use of sea star larvae to observe encapsulation and phagocytosis, which was followedmuch later by allograft rejection kinetics, revealed that echinoderms had an innate immune system thatwas lacking of adaptive attributes. Larval sea urchins mount defenses in response to contact withmicrobes, which are mediated by phagocytic blastocoelar cells and pigment cells. In the adult, thecoelomocytes mediate immune responses through phagocytosis and encapsulation of foreign particles inaddition to degranulation of antimicrobial molecules. Molecular analysis of immune functions in the seaurchin has demonstrated a complement system that appears to have multiple alternative pathways andseveral activators of the lectin pathway, but may be missing the terminal pathway. Other genes andproteins involved in the sea urchin immunity include expanded sets of lectins, proteins with scavengerreceptor cysteine-rich repeats, Toll-like receptors and associated signalling proteins. A vast array ofproteins belonging to the 185/333 family are expressed in coelomocytes in response to lipopolysaccharideand show a surprising level of diversity. The sea urchin innate immune system has a number of largegene families with unexpected complexities and elevated levels of diversification.http://www.isj.unimo.it/articoli/ISJ114.pdfevolutiondeuterostomeechinodermcoelomocyteinnate immunitydiversificationcomplement185/333 genes |
| spellingShingle | LC Smith JP Rast V Brockton DP Terwilliger SV Nair KM Buckley AJ Majeske The sea urchin immune system Invertebrate Survival Journal evolution deuterostome echinoderm coelomocyte innate immunity diversification complement 185/333 genes |
| title | The sea urchin immune system |
| title_full | The sea urchin immune system |
| title_fullStr | The sea urchin immune system |
| title_full_unstemmed | The sea urchin immune system |
| title_short | The sea urchin immune system |
| title_sort | sea urchin immune system |
| topic | evolution deuterostome echinoderm coelomocyte innate immunity diversification complement 185/333 genes |
| url | http://www.isj.unimo.it/articoli/ISJ114.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lcsmith theseaurchinimmunesystem AT jprast theseaurchinimmunesystem AT vbrockton theseaurchinimmunesystem AT dpterwilliger theseaurchinimmunesystem AT svnair theseaurchinimmunesystem AT kmbuckley theseaurchinimmunesystem AT ajmajeske theseaurchinimmunesystem AT lcsmith seaurchinimmunesystem AT jprast seaurchinimmunesystem AT vbrockton seaurchinimmunesystem AT dpterwilliger seaurchinimmunesystem AT svnair seaurchinimmunesystem AT kmbuckley seaurchinimmunesystem AT ajmajeske seaurchinimmunesystem |