Transient Response of Macroscopic Deformation of Magnetoactive Elastomeric Cylinders in Uniform Magnetic Fields
Significant deformations of bodies made from compliant magnetoactive elastomers (MAE) in magnetic fields make these materials promising for applications in magnetically controlled actuators for soft robotics. Reported experimental research in this context was devoted to the behaviour in the quasi-st...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/5/586 |
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| author | Gašper Glavan Inna A. Belyaeva Mikhail Shamonin |
| author_facet | Gašper Glavan Inna A. Belyaeva Mikhail Shamonin |
| author_sort | Gašper Glavan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Significant deformations of bodies made from compliant magnetoactive elastomers (MAE) in magnetic fields make these materials promising for applications in magnetically controlled actuators for soft robotics. Reported experimental research in this context was devoted to the behaviour in the quasi-static magnetic field, but the transient dynamics are of great practical importance. This paper presents an experimental study of the transient response of apparent longitudinal and transverse strains of a family of isotropic and anisotropic MAE cylinders with six different aspect ratios in time-varying uniform magnetic fields. The time dependence of the magnetic field has a trapezoidal form, where the rate of both legs is varied between 52 and 757 kA/(s·m) and the maximum magnetic field takes three values between 153 and 505 kA/m. It is proposed to introduce four characteristic times: two for the delay of the transient response during increasing and decreasing magnetic field, as well as two for rise and fall times. To facilitate the comparison between different magnetic field rates, these characteristic times are further normalized on the rise time of the magnetic field ramp. The dependence of the normalized characteristic times on the aspect ratio, the magnetic field slew rate, maximum magnetic field values, initial internal structure (isotropic versus anisotropic specimens) and weight fraction of the soft-magnetic filler are obtained and discussed in detail. The normalized magnetostrictive hysteresis loop is introduced, and used to explain why the normalized delay times vary with changing experimental parameters. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:21:20Z |
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| id | doaj.art-a11e26d237624de0a415159592dec05c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:21:20Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-a11e26d237624de0a415159592dec05c2024-03-12T16:53:19ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602024-02-0116558610.3390/polym16050586Transient Response of Macroscopic Deformation of Magnetoactive Elastomeric Cylinders in Uniform Magnetic FieldsGašper Glavan0Inna A. Belyaeva1Mikhail Shamonin2East Bavarian Centre for Intelligent Materials (EBACIM), Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule (OTH) Regensburg, Seybothstr. 2, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyEast Bavarian Centre for Intelligent Materials (EBACIM), Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule (OTH) Regensburg, Seybothstr. 2, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyEast Bavarian Centre for Intelligent Materials (EBACIM), Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule (OTH) Regensburg, Seybothstr. 2, 93053 Regensburg, GermanySignificant deformations of bodies made from compliant magnetoactive elastomers (MAE) in magnetic fields make these materials promising for applications in magnetically controlled actuators for soft robotics. Reported experimental research in this context was devoted to the behaviour in the quasi-static magnetic field, but the transient dynamics are of great practical importance. This paper presents an experimental study of the transient response of apparent longitudinal and transverse strains of a family of isotropic and anisotropic MAE cylinders with six different aspect ratios in time-varying uniform magnetic fields. The time dependence of the magnetic field has a trapezoidal form, where the rate of both legs is varied between 52 and 757 kA/(s·m) and the maximum magnetic field takes three values between 153 and 505 kA/m. It is proposed to introduce four characteristic times: two for the delay of the transient response during increasing and decreasing magnetic field, as well as two for rise and fall times. To facilitate the comparison between different magnetic field rates, these characteristic times are further normalized on the rise time of the magnetic field ramp. The dependence of the normalized characteristic times on the aspect ratio, the magnetic field slew rate, maximum magnetic field values, initial internal structure (isotropic versus anisotropic specimens) and weight fraction of the soft-magnetic filler are obtained and discussed in detail. The normalized magnetostrictive hysteresis loop is introduced, and used to explain why the normalized delay times vary with changing experimental parameters.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/5/586magnetoactive elastomermagnetorheological elastomermacroscopic deformationmagnetostrictiontime-varying magnetic fieldtime behaviour |
| spellingShingle | Gašper Glavan Inna A. Belyaeva Mikhail Shamonin Transient Response of Macroscopic Deformation of Magnetoactive Elastomeric Cylinders in Uniform Magnetic Fields Polymers magnetoactive elastomer magnetorheological elastomer macroscopic deformation magnetostriction time-varying magnetic field time behaviour |
| title | Transient Response of Macroscopic Deformation of Magnetoactive Elastomeric Cylinders in Uniform Magnetic Fields |
| title_full | Transient Response of Macroscopic Deformation of Magnetoactive Elastomeric Cylinders in Uniform Magnetic Fields |
| title_fullStr | Transient Response of Macroscopic Deformation of Magnetoactive Elastomeric Cylinders in Uniform Magnetic Fields |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transient Response of Macroscopic Deformation of Magnetoactive Elastomeric Cylinders in Uniform Magnetic Fields |
| title_short | Transient Response of Macroscopic Deformation of Magnetoactive Elastomeric Cylinders in Uniform Magnetic Fields |
| title_sort | transient response of macroscopic deformation of magnetoactive elastomeric cylinders in uniform magnetic fields |
| topic | magnetoactive elastomer magnetorheological elastomer macroscopic deformation magnetostriction time-varying magnetic field time behaviour |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/5/586 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gasperglavan transientresponseofmacroscopicdeformationofmagnetoactiveelastomericcylindersinuniformmagneticfields AT innaabelyaeva transientresponseofmacroscopicdeformationofmagnetoactiveelastomericcylindersinuniformmagneticfields AT mikhailshamonin transientresponseofmacroscopicdeformationofmagnetoactiveelastomericcylindersinuniformmagneticfields |