eNose analysis of volatile chemicals from dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum in Brazil.
<h4>Background</h4>Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil is a neglected, vector-borne, tropical parasitic disease that is responsible for several thousand human deaths every year. The transmission route involves sand flies becoming infected after feeding on infected reservoir host, mainl...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2019-08-01
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| Series: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007599 |
| _version_ | 1819140423867695104 |
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| author | Monica E Staniek Luigi Sedda Tim D Gibson Cristian F de Souza Erika M Costa Rod J Dillon James G C Hamilton James G C Hamilton |
| author_facet | Monica E Staniek Luigi Sedda Tim D Gibson Cristian F de Souza Erika M Costa Rod J Dillon James G C Hamilton James G C Hamilton |
| author_sort | Monica E Staniek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil is a neglected, vector-borne, tropical parasitic disease that is responsible for several thousand human deaths every year. The transmission route involves sand flies becoming infected after feeding on infected reservoir host, mainly dogs, and then transmitting the Leishmania infantum parasites while feeding on humans. A major component of the VL control effort is the identification and euthanasia of infected dogs to remove them as a source of infection. A rapid, non-invasive, point-of-care device able to differentiate between the odours of infected and uninfected dogs may contribute towards the accurate diagnosis of canine VL.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We analysed the headspace volatile chemicals from the hair of two groups of dogs collected in 2017 and 2018 using a bench-top eNose volatile organic chemical analyser. The dogs were categorised as infected or uninfected by PCR analysis of blood samples taken by venepuncture and the number of parasites per ml of blood was calculated for each dog by qPCR analysis. We demonstrated using a robust clustering analysis that the eNose data could be discriminated into infected and uninfected categories with specificity >94% and sensitivity >97%. The eNose device and data analysis were sufficiently sensitive to be able to identify infected dogs even when the Leishmania population in the circulating blood was very low.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>The study illustrates the potential of the eNose to rapidly and accurately identify dogs infected with Le. infantum. Future improvements to eNose analyser sensor sensitivity, sampling methodology and portability suggest that this approach could significantly improve the diagnosis of VL infected dogs in Brazil with additional potential for effective diagnosis of VL in humans as well as for the diagnosis of other parasitic diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T11:38:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a11e2adac5774674ac60f74b7347d440 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1935-2727 1935-2735 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T11:38:20Z |
| publishDate | 2019-08-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-a11e2adac5774674ac60f74b7347d4402022-12-21T18:27:22ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases1935-27271935-27352019-08-01138e000759910.1371/journal.pntd.0007599eNose analysis of volatile chemicals from dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum in Brazil.Monica E StaniekLuigi SeddaTim D GibsonCristian F de SouzaErika M CostaRod J DillonJames G C HamiltonJames G C Hamilton<h4>Background</h4>Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil is a neglected, vector-borne, tropical parasitic disease that is responsible for several thousand human deaths every year. The transmission route involves sand flies becoming infected after feeding on infected reservoir host, mainly dogs, and then transmitting the Leishmania infantum parasites while feeding on humans. A major component of the VL control effort is the identification and euthanasia of infected dogs to remove them as a source of infection. A rapid, non-invasive, point-of-care device able to differentiate between the odours of infected and uninfected dogs may contribute towards the accurate diagnosis of canine VL.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We analysed the headspace volatile chemicals from the hair of two groups of dogs collected in 2017 and 2018 using a bench-top eNose volatile organic chemical analyser. The dogs were categorised as infected or uninfected by PCR analysis of blood samples taken by venepuncture and the number of parasites per ml of blood was calculated for each dog by qPCR analysis. We demonstrated using a robust clustering analysis that the eNose data could be discriminated into infected and uninfected categories with specificity >94% and sensitivity >97%. The eNose device and data analysis were sufficiently sensitive to be able to identify infected dogs even when the Leishmania population in the circulating blood was very low.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>The study illustrates the potential of the eNose to rapidly and accurately identify dogs infected with Le. infantum. Future improvements to eNose analyser sensor sensitivity, sampling methodology and portability suggest that this approach could significantly improve the diagnosis of VL infected dogs in Brazil with additional potential for effective diagnosis of VL in humans as well as for the diagnosis of other parasitic diseases.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007599 |
| spellingShingle | Monica E Staniek Luigi Sedda Tim D Gibson Cristian F de Souza Erika M Costa Rod J Dillon James G C Hamilton James G C Hamilton eNose analysis of volatile chemicals from dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum in Brazil. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| title | eNose analysis of volatile chemicals from dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum in Brazil. |
| title_full | eNose analysis of volatile chemicals from dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum in Brazil. |
| title_fullStr | eNose analysis of volatile chemicals from dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum in Brazil. |
| title_full_unstemmed | eNose analysis of volatile chemicals from dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum in Brazil. |
| title_short | eNose analysis of volatile chemicals from dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum in Brazil. |
| title_sort | enose analysis of volatile chemicals from dogs naturally infected with leishmania infantum in brazil |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007599 |
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