Non-TZF Transcriptional Activator AtC3H12 Negatively Affects Seed Germination and Seedling Development in Arabidopsis
CCCH zinc finger proteins are a large protein family and are classified as either tandem CCCH zinc finger (TZF) or non-TZF proteins. The roles of TZF genes in several plants have been well determined, whereas the functions of many non-TZF genes in plants remain uncharacterized. Herein, we describe b...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| author | Hye-Yeon Seok Taehyoung Kim Sun-Young Lee Yong-Hwan Moon |
| author_facet | Hye-Yeon Seok Taehyoung Kim Sun-Young Lee Yong-Hwan Moon |
| author_sort | Hye-Yeon Seok |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | CCCH zinc finger proteins are a large protein family and are classified as either tandem CCCH zinc finger (TZF) or non-TZF proteins. The roles of TZF genes in several plants have been well determined, whereas the functions of many non-TZF genes in plants remain uncharacterized. Herein, we describe biological and molecular functions of AtC3H12, an Arabidopsis non-TZF protein containing three CCCH zinc finger motifs. AtC3H12 has orthologs in several plant species but has no paralog in Arabidopsis. <i>AtC3H12</i>-overexpressing transgenic plants (OXs) germinated slower than wild-type (WT) plants, whereas <i>atc3h12</i> mutants germinated faster than WT plants. The fresh weight (FW) and primary root lengths of <i>AtC3H12</i> OX seedlings were lighter and shorter than those of WT seedlings, respectively. In contrast, FW and primary root lengths of <i>atc3h12</i> seedlings were heavier and longer than those of WT seedlings, respectively. AtC3H12 was localized in the nucleus and displayed transactivation activity in both yeast and Arabidopsis. We found that the 97–197 aa region of AtC3H12 is an important part for its transactivation activity. Detection of expression levels and analysis of Arabidopsis transgenic plants harboring a <i>P</i><sub>AtC3H12</sub>::<i>GUS</i> construct showed that <i>AtC3H12</i> expression increases as the Arabidopsis seedlings develop. Taken together, our results demonstrate that AtC3H12 negatively affects seed germination and seedling development as a nuclear transcriptional activator in Arabidopsis. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show that non-TZF proteins negatively affect plant development as nuclear transcriptional activators. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:46:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a1223b1707af4edaabeef1398c7002ae |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:46:58Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-a1223b1707af4edaabeef1398c7002ae2023-11-23T16:42:45ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-01-01233157210.3390/ijms23031572Non-TZF Transcriptional Activator AtC3H12 Negatively Affects Seed Germination and Seedling Development in ArabidopsisHye-Yeon Seok0Taehyoung Kim1Sun-Young Lee2Yong-Hwan Moon3Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, KoreaDepartment of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, KoreaInstitute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, KoreaInstitute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, KoreaCCCH zinc finger proteins are a large protein family and are classified as either tandem CCCH zinc finger (TZF) or non-TZF proteins. The roles of TZF genes in several plants have been well determined, whereas the functions of many non-TZF genes in plants remain uncharacterized. Herein, we describe biological and molecular functions of AtC3H12, an Arabidopsis non-TZF protein containing three CCCH zinc finger motifs. AtC3H12 has orthologs in several plant species but has no paralog in Arabidopsis. <i>AtC3H12</i>-overexpressing transgenic plants (OXs) germinated slower than wild-type (WT) plants, whereas <i>atc3h12</i> mutants germinated faster than WT plants. The fresh weight (FW) and primary root lengths of <i>AtC3H12</i> OX seedlings were lighter and shorter than those of WT seedlings, respectively. In contrast, FW and primary root lengths of <i>atc3h12</i> seedlings were heavier and longer than those of WT seedlings, respectively. AtC3H12 was localized in the nucleus and displayed transactivation activity in both yeast and Arabidopsis. We found that the 97–197 aa region of AtC3H12 is an important part for its transactivation activity. Detection of expression levels and analysis of Arabidopsis transgenic plants harboring a <i>P</i><sub>AtC3H12</sub>::<i>GUS</i> construct showed that <i>AtC3H12</i> expression increases as the Arabidopsis seedlings develop. Taken together, our results demonstrate that AtC3H12 negatively affects seed germination and seedling development as a nuclear transcriptional activator in Arabidopsis. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show that non-TZF proteins negatively affect plant development as nuclear transcriptional activators.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/3/1572ArabidopsisAtC3H12CCCH zinc fingernon-TZFseed germinationseedling development |
| spellingShingle | Hye-Yeon Seok Taehyoung Kim Sun-Young Lee Yong-Hwan Moon Non-TZF Transcriptional Activator AtC3H12 Negatively Affects Seed Germination and Seedling Development in Arabidopsis International Journal of Molecular Sciences Arabidopsis AtC3H12 CCCH zinc finger non-TZF seed germination seedling development |
| title | Non-TZF Transcriptional Activator AtC3H12 Negatively Affects Seed Germination and Seedling Development in Arabidopsis |
| title_full | Non-TZF Transcriptional Activator AtC3H12 Negatively Affects Seed Germination and Seedling Development in Arabidopsis |
| title_fullStr | Non-TZF Transcriptional Activator AtC3H12 Negatively Affects Seed Germination and Seedling Development in Arabidopsis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Non-TZF Transcriptional Activator AtC3H12 Negatively Affects Seed Germination and Seedling Development in Arabidopsis |
| title_short | Non-TZF Transcriptional Activator AtC3H12 Negatively Affects Seed Germination and Seedling Development in Arabidopsis |
| title_sort | non tzf transcriptional activator atc3h12 negatively affects seed germination and seedling development in arabidopsis |
| topic | Arabidopsis AtC3H12 CCCH zinc finger non-TZF seed germination seedling development |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/3/1572 |
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