Bayesian estimation of diagnostic accuracy of fecal culture and PCR-based tests for the detection of Salmonella enterica in California cull dairy cattle
Epidemiological studies of low prevalence disease problems are often hindered by the high cost of diagnostic testing. The objective of this study was to evaluate PCR screening of both individual and pooled fecal samples from culled dairy cows for the invA gene of Salmonella followed by culture to de...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
PeerJ Inc.
2020-01-01
|
| Series: | PeerJ |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/8310.pdf |
| _version_ | 1827612119806246912 |
|---|---|
| author | John M. Adaska Pius S. Ekong Kristin A. Clothier Deniece R. Williams Paul V. Rossitto Terry W. Lehenbauer Edward R. Atwill Xunde Li Sharif S. Aly |
| author_facet | John M. Adaska Pius S. Ekong Kristin A. Clothier Deniece R. Williams Paul V. Rossitto Terry W. Lehenbauer Edward R. Atwill Xunde Li Sharif S. Aly |
| author_sort | John M. Adaska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Epidemiological studies of low prevalence disease problems are often hindered by the high cost of diagnostic testing. The objective of this study was to evaluate PCR screening of both individual and pooled fecal samples from culled dairy cows for the invA gene of Salmonella followed by culture to determine if the sensitivity and specificity were comparable to the results from traditional culture methods applied to individual samples. Cows from six different dairies were sampled in all four seasons. A total of 240 individual cow fecal samples, 24 fecal pools and 24 pools of 24-hour tetrathionate enrichment broth were tested. Diagnostic sensitivity of PCR screening followed by culture of PCR positive or indeterminate samples (i.e PCR-CUL method) was lower than that of culture (CUL) when applied to individual fecal samples (94.8%, 99.5%), however the specificity was comparable (99.6% and 97.7% respectively). For pools of five fecal samples and pools of five, 24 h tetrathionate broth samples, the specificity of both tests were comparable (∼98%); however, their sensitivity was only comparable in pooled fecal samples (∼93%) but greater for culture compared to PCR-CUL in pooled broth samples (∼99% versus ∼93%). Compared to culture results from testing of individual fecal samples, testing pooled fecal samples by culture had a relative sensitivity of 74% and relative specificity of 96%, testing pooled fecal samples by PCR-CUL resulted in relative sensitivity of 90% and relative specificity of 96%. Testing of pooled 24-hour enrichment broth by PCR-CUL increased the relative sensitivity and specificity to 100%. PCR testing followed by culture of positive or indeterminate samples is a time saving alternative to traditional methods. In addition, pooling of samples may be a useful method for decreasing cost if study aims can accommodate a moderate loss of relative sensitivity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T08:16:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a12a2671f60b4823ad39b52d2a32de55 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T08:16:52Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PeerJ |
| spelling | doaj.art-a12a2671f60b4823ad39b52d2a32de552023-12-02T22:01:38ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592020-01-018e831010.7717/peerj.8310Bayesian estimation of diagnostic accuracy of fecal culture and PCR-based tests for the detection of Salmonella enterica in California cull dairy cattleJohn M. Adaska0Pius S. Ekong1Kristin A. Clothier2Deniece R. Williams3Paul V. Rossitto4Terry W. Lehenbauer5Edward R. Atwill6Xunde Li7Sharif S. Aly8School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Tulare, CA, United States of AmericaSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, Tulare, CA, United States of AmericaSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Tulare, CA, United States of AmericaSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, Tulare, CA, United States of AmericaSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, Tulare, CA, United States of AmericaSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, Tulare, CA, United States of AmericaSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Western Institute for Food Safety and Security, Davis, CA, United States of AmericaSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Western Institute for Food Safety and Security, Davis, CA, United States of AmericaSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, Tulare, CA, United States of AmericaEpidemiological studies of low prevalence disease problems are often hindered by the high cost of diagnostic testing. The objective of this study was to evaluate PCR screening of both individual and pooled fecal samples from culled dairy cows for the invA gene of Salmonella followed by culture to determine if the sensitivity and specificity were comparable to the results from traditional culture methods applied to individual samples. Cows from six different dairies were sampled in all four seasons. A total of 240 individual cow fecal samples, 24 fecal pools and 24 pools of 24-hour tetrathionate enrichment broth were tested. Diagnostic sensitivity of PCR screening followed by culture of PCR positive or indeterminate samples (i.e PCR-CUL method) was lower than that of culture (CUL) when applied to individual fecal samples (94.8%, 99.5%), however the specificity was comparable (99.6% and 97.7% respectively). For pools of five fecal samples and pools of five, 24 h tetrathionate broth samples, the specificity of both tests were comparable (∼98%); however, their sensitivity was only comparable in pooled fecal samples (∼93%) but greater for culture compared to PCR-CUL in pooled broth samples (∼99% versus ∼93%). Compared to culture results from testing of individual fecal samples, testing pooled fecal samples by culture had a relative sensitivity of 74% and relative specificity of 96%, testing pooled fecal samples by PCR-CUL resulted in relative sensitivity of 90% and relative specificity of 96%. Testing of pooled 24-hour enrichment broth by PCR-CUL increased the relative sensitivity and specificity to 100%. PCR testing followed by culture of positive or indeterminate samples is a time saving alternative to traditional methods. In addition, pooling of samples may be a useful method for decreasing cost if study aims can accommodate a moderate loss of relative sensitivity.https://peerj.com/articles/8310.pdfBayesianDiagnostic accuracySensitivitySpecificitySalmonellaDairy cow |
| spellingShingle | John M. Adaska Pius S. Ekong Kristin A. Clothier Deniece R. Williams Paul V. Rossitto Terry W. Lehenbauer Edward R. Atwill Xunde Li Sharif S. Aly Bayesian estimation of diagnostic accuracy of fecal culture and PCR-based tests for the detection of Salmonella enterica in California cull dairy cattle PeerJ Bayesian Diagnostic accuracy Sensitivity Specificity Salmonella Dairy cow |
| title | Bayesian estimation of diagnostic accuracy of fecal culture and PCR-based tests for the detection of Salmonella enterica in California cull dairy cattle |
| title_full | Bayesian estimation of diagnostic accuracy of fecal culture and PCR-based tests for the detection of Salmonella enterica in California cull dairy cattle |
| title_fullStr | Bayesian estimation of diagnostic accuracy of fecal culture and PCR-based tests for the detection of Salmonella enterica in California cull dairy cattle |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bayesian estimation of diagnostic accuracy of fecal culture and PCR-based tests for the detection of Salmonella enterica in California cull dairy cattle |
| title_short | Bayesian estimation of diagnostic accuracy of fecal culture and PCR-based tests for the detection of Salmonella enterica in California cull dairy cattle |
| title_sort | bayesian estimation of diagnostic accuracy of fecal culture and pcr based tests for the detection of salmonella enterica in california cull dairy cattle |
| topic | Bayesian Diagnostic accuracy Sensitivity Specificity Salmonella Dairy cow |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/8310.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT johnmadaska bayesianestimationofdiagnosticaccuracyoffecalcultureandpcrbasedtestsforthedetectionofsalmonellaentericaincaliforniaculldairycattle AT piussekong bayesianestimationofdiagnosticaccuracyoffecalcultureandpcrbasedtestsforthedetectionofsalmonellaentericaincaliforniaculldairycattle AT kristinaclothier bayesianestimationofdiagnosticaccuracyoffecalcultureandpcrbasedtestsforthedetectionofsalmonellaentericaincaliforniaculldairycattle AT deniecerwilliams bayesianestimationofdiagnosticaccuracyoffecalcultureandpcrbasedtestsforthedetectionofsalmonellaentericaincaliforniaculldairycattle AT paulvrossitto bayesianestimationofdiagnosticaccuracyoffecalcultureandpcrbasedtestsforthedetectionofsalmonellaentericaincaliforniaculldairycattle AT terrywlehenbauer bayesianestimationofdiagnosticaccuracyoffecalcultureandpcrbasedtestsforthedetectionofsalmonellaentericaincaliforniaculldairycattle AT edwardratwill bayesianestimationofdiagnosticaccuracyoffecalcultureandpcrbasedtestsforthedetectionofsalmonellaentericaincaliforniaculldairycattle AT xundeli bayesianestimationofdiagnosticaccuracyoffecalcultureandpcrbasedtestsforthedetectionofsalmonellaentericaincaliforniaculldairycattle AT sharifsaly bayesianestimationofdiagnosticaccuracyoffecalcultureandpcrbasedtestsforthedetectionofsalmonellaentericaincaliforniaculldairycattle |