Factors affecting brain structure in smoking-related diseases: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and coronary artery disease.
<h4>Background</h4>Changes in brain structure and cognitive decline occur in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). They also occur with smoking and coronary artery disease (CAD), but it is unclear whether a common mechanism is responsible.<h4>Methods</h4>Brain MRI mar...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2021-01-01
|
| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259375 |
| _version_ | 1798035598134476800 |
|---|---|
| author | Catherine A Spilling Mohani-Preet K Dhillon Daniel R Burrage Sachelle Ruickbie Emma H Baker Thomas R Barrick Paul W Jones |
| author_facet | Catherine A Spilling Mohani-Preet K Dhillon Daniel R Burrage Sachelle Ruickbie Emma H Baker Thomas R Barrick Paul W Jones |
| author_sort | Catherine A Spilling |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Changes in brain structure and cognitive decline occur in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). They also occur with smoking and coronary artery disease (CAD), but it is unclear whether a common mechanism is responsible.<h4>Methods</h4>Brain MRI markers of brain structure were tested for association with disease markers in other organs. Where possible, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to group markers within organ systems into composite markers. Univariate relationships between brain structure and the disease markers were explored using hierarchical regression and then entered into multivariable regression models.<h4>Results</h4>100 participants were studied (53 COPD, 47 CAD). PCA identified two brain components: brain tissue volumes and white matter microstructure, and six components from other organ systems: respiratory function, plasma lipids, blood pressure, glucose dysregulation, retinal vessel calibre and retinal vessel tortuosity. Several markers could not be grouped into components and were analysed as single variables, these included brain white matter hyperintense lesion (WMH) volume. Multivariable regression models showed that less well organised white matter microstructure was associated with lower respiratory function (p = 0.028); WMH volume was associated with higher blood pressure (p = 0.036) and higher C-Reactive Protein (p = 0.011) and lower brain tissue volume was associated with lower cerebral blood flow (p<0.001) and higher blood pressure (p = 0.001). Smoking history was not an independent correlate of any brain marker.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Measures of brain structure were associated with a range of markers of disease, some of which appeared to be common to both COPD and CAD. No single common pathway was identified, but the findings suggest that brain changes associated with smoking-related diseases may be due to vascular, respiratory, and inflammatory changes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:00:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a12f2d7b91ce4e9c8fd84f596a843fbb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:00:22Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-a12f2d7b91ce4e9c8fd84f596a843fbb2022-12-22T04:03:32ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032021-01-011611e025937510.1371/journal.pone.0259375Factors affecting brain structure in smoking-related diseases: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and coronary artery disease.Catherine A SpillingMohani-Preet K DhillonDaniel R BurrageSachelle RuickbieEmma H BakerThomas R BarrickPaul W Jones<h4>Background</h4>Changes in brain structure and cognitive decline occur in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). They also occur with smoking and coronary artery disease (CAD), but it is unclear whether a common mechanism is responsible.<h4>Methods</h4>Brain MRI markers of brain structure were tested for association with disease markers in other organs. Where possible, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to group markers within organ systems into composite markers. Univariate relationships between brain structure and the disease markers were explored using hierarchical regression and then entered into multivariable regression models.<h4>Results</h4>100 participants were studied (53 COPD, 47 CAD). PCA identified two brain components: brain tissue volumes and white matter microstructure, and six components from other organ systems: respiratory function, plasma lipids, blood pressure, glucose dysregulation, retinal vessel calibre and retinal vessel tortuosity. Several markers could not be grouped into components and were analysed as single variables, these included brain white matter hyperintense lesion (WMH) volume. Multivariable regression models showed that less well organised white matter microstructure was associated with lower respiratory function (p = 0.028); WMH volume was associated with higher blood pressure (p = 0.036) and higher C-Reactive Protein (p = 0.011) and lower brain tissue volume was associated with lower cerebral blood flow (p<0.001) and higher blood pressure (p = 0.001). Smoking history was not an independent correlate of any brain marker.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Measures of brain structure were associated with a range of markers of disease, some of which appeared to be common to both COPD and CAD. No single common pathway was identified, but the findings suggest that brain changes associated with smoking-related diseases may be due to vascular, respiratory, and inflammatory changes.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259375 |
| spellingShingle | Catherine A Spilling Mohani-Preet K Dhillon Daniel R Burrage Sachelle Ruickbie Emma H Baker Thomas R Barrick Paul W Jones Factors affecting brain structure in smoking-related diseases: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and coronary artery disease. PLoS ONE |
| title | Factors affecting brain structure in smoking-related diseases: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and coronary artery disease. |
| title_full | Factors affecting brain structure in smoking-related diseases: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and coronary artery disease. |
| title_fullStr | Factors affecting brain structure in smoking-related diseases: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and coronary artery disease. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Factors affecting brain structure in smoking-related diseases: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and coronary artery disease. |
| title_short | Factors affecting brain structure in smoking-related diseases: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and coronary artery disease. |
| title_sort | factors affecting brain structure in smoking related diseases chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd and coronary artery disease |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259375 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT catherineaspilling factorsaffectingbrainstructureinsmokingrelateddiseaseschronicobstructivepulmonarydiseasecopdandcoronaryarterydisease AT mohanipreetkdhillon factorsaffectingbrainstructureinsmokingrelateddiseaseschronicobstructivepulmonarydiseasecopdandcoronaryarterydisease AT danielrburrage factorsaffectingbrainstructureinsmokingrelateddiseaseschronicobstructivepulmonarydiseasecopdandcoronaryarterydisease AT sachelleruickbie factorsaffectingbrainstructureinsmokingrelateddiseaseschronicobstructivepulmonarydiseasecopdandcoronaryarterydisease AT emmahbaker factorsaffectingbrainstructureinsmokingrelateddiseaseschronicobstructivepulmonarydiseasecopdandcoronaryarterydisease AT thomasrbarrick factorsaffectingbrainstructureinsmokingrelateddiseaseschronicobstructivepulmonarydiseasecopdandcoronaryarterydisease AT paulwjones factorsaffectingbrainstructureinsmokingrelateddiseaseschronicobstructivepulmonarydiseasecopdandcoronaryarterydisease |