Ultrasonic Extraction of 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline (2AP) from <i>Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.</i> Using Ethanol as Solvent
2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) is the compound that gives out the typical aroma and flavour of pandan leaves (<i>Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb</i>.). This research incorporates ultrasonic extraction to extract the aromatic compound in pandan leaves. The parameters varied in this study are the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/15/4906 |
| _version_ | 1797412925722329088 |
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| author | Aisyah Nur Hanis Azhar Nurul Aini Amran Suzana Yusup Mohd Hizami Mohd Yusoff |
| author_facet | Aisyah Nur Hanis Azhar Nurul Aini Amran Suzana Yusup Mohd Hizami Mohd Yusoff |
| author_sort | Aisyah Nur Hanis Azhar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) is the compound that gives out the typical aroma and flavour of pandan leaves (<i>Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb</i>.). This research incorporates ultrasonic extraction to extract the aromatic compound in pandan leaves. The parameters varied in this study are the extraction time, sonicator amplitude, concentration of solvent and the mass of pandan leaves. The experiment was conducted using a central composite design (CCD) model generated by the response surface methodology (RSM). From the extraction process, it can be deduced that the effect of leaves’ mass is comparably higher than other parameters, while sonicator amplitude gives the most negligible impact on the process. The obtained <i>p</i>-value was 0.0014, which was less than 0.05. The high R-squared 0.9603 and adjusted R-squared 0.8809 indicate the model is well agreed with the actual data. The optimal control variables of ultrasonic extraction of 2AP are at an extraction time of 20 min, 60% of solvent concentration, amplitude of 25% and 12.5 g of pandan leaves, which produced 60.51% of yield of the extract and 1.43 ppm of 2AP. It is found that the mass of pandan leaves and the concentration of solvent have a significant impact on the extraction process of 2AP. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:10:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a1319c8655b345159560122ecf8969f7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:10:18Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-a1319c8655b345159560122ecf8969f72023-12-03T12:50:26ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-07-012715490610.3390/molecules27154906Ultrasonic Extraction of 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline (2AP) from <i>Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.</i> Using Ethanol as SolventAisyah Nur Hanis Azhar0Nurul Aini Amran1Suzana Yusup2Mohd Hizami Mohd Yusoff3Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, MalaysiaChemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, MalaysiaChemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, MalaysiaChemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) is the compound that gives out the typical aroma and flavour of pandan leaves (<i>Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb</i>.). This research incorporates ultrasonic extraction to extract the aromatic compound in pandan leaves. The parameters varied in this study are the extraction time, sonicator amplitude, concentration of solvent and the mass of pandan leaves. The experiment was conducted using a central composite design (CCD) model generated by the response surface methodology (RSM). From the extraction process, it can be deduced that the effect of leaves’ mass is comparably higher than other parameters, while sonicator amplitude gives the most negligible impact on the process. The obtained <i>p</i>-value was 0.0014, which was less than 0.05. The high R-squared 0.9603 and adjusted R-squared 0.8809 indicate the model is well agreed with the actual data. The optimal control variables of ultrasonic extraction of 2AP are at an extraction time of 20 min, 60% of solvent concentration, amplitude of 25% and 12.5 g of pandan leaves, which produced 60.51% of yield of the extract and 1.43 ppm of 2AP. It is found that the mass of pandan leaves and the concentration of solvent have a significant impact on the extraction process of 2AP.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/15/4906ultrasonic extractionpandan leaves2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline (2AP)solventRSM |
| spellingShingle | Aisyah Nur Hanis Azhar Nurul Aini Amran Suzana Yusup Mohd Hizami Mohd Yusoff Ultrasonic Extraction of 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline (2AP) from <i>Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.</i> Using Ethanol as Solvent Molecules ultrasonic extraction pandan leaves 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline (2AP) solvent RSM |
| title | Ultrasonic Extraction of 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline (2AP) from <i>Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.</i> Using Ethanol as Solvent |
| title_full | Ultrasonic Extraction of 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline (2AP) from <i>Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.</i> Using Ethanol as Solvent |
| title_fullStr | Ultrasonic Extraction of 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline (2AP) from <i>Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.</i> Using Ethanol as Solvent |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ultrasonic Extraction of 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline (2AP) from <i>Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.</i> Using Ethanol as Solvent |
| title_short | Ultrasonic Extraction of 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline (2AP) from <i>Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.</i> Using Ethanol as Solvent |
| title_sort | ultrasonic extraction of 2 acetyl 1 pyrroline 2ap from i pandanus amaryllifolius roxb i using ethanol as solvent |
| topic | ultrasonic extraction pandan leaves 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline (2AP) solvent RSM |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/15/4906 |
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