Evolution and Dynamic Transcriptome of Key Genes of Photoperiodic Flowering Pathway in Water Spinach (<i>Ipomoea aquatica</i>)
The photoperiod is a major environmental factor in flowering control. Water spinach flowering under the inductive short-day condition decreases the yield of vegetative tissues and the eating quality. To obtain an insight into the molecular mechanism of the photoperiod-dependent regulation of the flo...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| author | Xin Wang Yuanyuan Hao Muhammad Ahsan Altaf Huangying Shu Shanhan Cheng Zhiwei Wang Guopeng Zhu |
| author_facet | Xin Wang Yuanyuan Hao Muhammad Ahsan Altaf Huangying Shu Shanhan Cheng Zhiwei Wang Guopeng Zhu |
| author_sort | Xin Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The photoperiod is a major environmental factor in flowering control. Water spinach flowering under the inductive short-day condition decreases the yield of vegetative tissues and the eating quality. To obtain an insight into the molecular mechanism of the photoperiod-dependent regulation of the flowering time in water spinach, we performed transcriptome sequencing on water spinach under long- and short-day conditions with eight time points. Our results indicated that there were 6615 circadian-rhythm-related genes under the long-day condition and 8691 under the short-day condition. The three key circadian-rhythm genes, <i>IaCCA1</i>, <i>IaLHY</i>, and <i>IaTOC1</i>, still maintained single copies and similar <i>IaCCA1</i>, <i>IaLHY</i>, and <i>IaTOC1</i> feedback expression patterns, indicating the conservation of reverse feedback. In the photoperiod pathway, highly conserved <i>GI</i> genes were amplified into two copies (<i>IaGI1</i> and <i>IaGI2</i>) in water spinach. The significant difference in the expression of the two genes indicates functional diversity. Although the photoperiod core gene <i>FT</i> was duplicated to three copies in water spinach, only <i>IaFT1</i> was highly expressed and strongly responsive to the photoperiod and circadian rhythms, and the almost complete inhibition of <i>IaFT1</i> in water spinach may be the reason why water spinach does not bloom, no matter how long it lasts under the long-day condition. Differing from other species (<i>I. nil</i>, <i>I. triloba, I. trifida</i>) of the <i>Ipomoea</i> genus that have three <i>CO</i> members, water spinach lacks one of them, and the other two <i>CO</i> genes (<i>IaCO1</i> and <i>IaCO2</i>) encode only one CCT domain. In addition, through weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), some transcription factors closely related to the photoperiod pathway were obtained. This work provides valuable data for further in-depth analyses of the molecular regulation of the flowering time in water spinach and the <i>Ipomoea</i> genus. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:56:54Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-a138c8f45fea443ea817bed78ead12ea2024-02-09T15:13:11ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672024-01-01253142010.3390/ijms25031420Evolution and Dynamic Transcriptome of Key Genes of Photoperiodic Flowering Pathway in Water Spinach (<i>Ipomoea aquatica</i>)Xin Wang0Yuanyuan Hao1Muhammad Ahsan Altaf2Huangying Shu3Shanhan Cheng4Zhiwei Wang5Guopeng Zhu6Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, ChinaKey Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, ChinaKey Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, ChinaKey Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, ChinaKey Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, ChinaKey Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, ChinaKey Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, ChinaThe photoperiod is a major environmental factor in flowering control. Water spinach flowering under the inductive short-day condition decreases the yield of vegetative tissues and the eating quality. To obtain an insight into the molecular mechanism of the photoperiod-dependent regulation of the flowering time in water spinach, we performed transcriptome sequencing on water spinach under long- and short-day conditions with eight time points. Our results indicated that there were 6615 circadian-rhythm-related genes under the long-day condition and 8691 under the short-day condition. The three key circadian-rhythm genes, <i>IaCCA1</i>, <i>IaLHY</i>, and <i>IaTOC1</i>, still maintained single copies and similar <i>IaCCA1</i>, <i>IaLHY</i>, and <i>IaTOC1</i> feedback expression patterns, indicating the conservation of reverse feedback. In the photoperiod pathway, highly conserved <i>GI</i> genes were amplified into two copies (<i>IaGI1</i> and <i>IaGI2</i>) in water spinach. The significant difference in the expression of the two genes indicates functional diversity. Although the photoperiod core gene <i>FT</i> was duplicated to three copies in water spinach, only <i>IaFT1</i> was highly expressed and strongly responsive to the photoperiod and circadian rhythms, and the almost complete inhibition of <i>IaFT1</i> in water spinach may be the reason why water spinach does not bloom, no matter how long it lasts under the long-day condition. Differing from other species (<i>I. nil</i>, <i>I. triloba, I. trifida</i>) of the <i>Ipomoea</i> genus that have three <i>CO</i> members, water spinach lacks one of them, and the other two <i>CO</i> genes (<i>IaCO1</i> and <i>IaCO2</i>) encode only one CCT domain. In addition, through weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), some transcription factors closely related to the photoperiod pathway were obtained. This work provides valuable data for further in-depth analyses of the molecular regulation of the flowering time in water spinach and the <i>Ipomoea</i> genus.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/3/1420water spinachphotoperiodfloweringcircadian rhythmshort daylong day |
| spellingShingle | Xin Wang Yuanyuan Hao Muhammad Ahsan Altaf Huangying Shu Shanhan Cheng Zhiwei Wang Guopeng Zhu Evolution and Dynamic Transcriptome of Key Genes of Photoperiodic Flowering Pathway in Water Spinach (<i>Ipomoea aquatica</i>) International Journal of Molecular Sciences water spinach photoperiod flowering circadian rhythm short day long day |
| title | Evolution and Dynamic Transcriptome of Key Genes of Photoperiodic Flowering Pathway in Water Spinach (<i>Ipomoea aquatica</i>) |
| title_full | Evolution and Dynamic Transcriptome of Key Genes of Photoperiodic Flowering Pathway in Water Spinach (<i>Ipomoea aquatica</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Evolution and Dynamic Transcriptome of Key Genes of Photoperiodic Flowering Pathway in Water Spinach (<i>Ipomoea aquatica</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolution and Dynamic Transcriptome of Key Genes of Photoperiodic Flowering Pathway in Water Spinach (<i>Ipomoea aquatica</i>) |
| title_short | Evolution and Dynamic Transcriptome of Key Genes of Photoperiodic Flowering Pathway in Water Spinach (<i>Ipomoea aquatica</i>) |
| title_sort | evolution and dynamic transcriptome of key genes of photoperiodic flowering pathway in water spinach i ipomoea aquatica i |
| topic | water spinach photoperiod flowering circadian rhythm short day long day |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/3/1420 |
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