Expression and Activity of the Transcription Factor CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein β (C/EBPβ) Is Regulated by Specific Pulse-Modulated Radio Frequencies in Oligodendroglial Cells

The rapid growth of wireless electronic devices has raised concerns about the harmful effects of leaked electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on human health. Even though numerous studies have been carried out to explore the biological effects of EMR, no clear conclusions have been drawn about the effect...

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Main Authors: Bing Huang, Weihao Zhao, Xue Cai, Yumin Zhu, Yingxian Lu, Junli Zhao, Nan Xiang, Xiaofei Wang, Hu Deng, Xiaping Tang, Lingyu Liu, Yanyu Zhao, Yigong Shi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-07-01
Series:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/13/11131
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author Bing Huang
Weihao Zhao
Xue Cai
Yumin Zhu
Yingxian Lu
Junli Zhao
Nan Xiang
Xiaofei Wang
Hu Deng
Xiaping Tang
Lingyu Liu
Yanyu Zhao
Yigong Shi
author_facet Bing Huang
Weihao Zhao
Xue Cai
Yumin Zhu
Yingxian Lu
Junli Zhao
Nan Xiang
Xiaofei Wang
Hu Deng
Xiaping Tang
Lingyu Liu
Yanyu Zhao
Yigong Shi
author_sort Bing Huang
collection DOAJ
description The rapid growth of wireless electronic devices has raised concerns about the harmful effects of leaked electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on human health. Even though numerous studies have been carried out to explore the biological effects of EMR, no clear conclusions have been drawn about the effect of radio frequency (RF) EMR on oligodendrocytes. To this end, we exposed oligodendroglia and three other types of brain cells to 2.4 GHz EMR for 6 or 48 h at an average input power of 1 W in either a continuous wave (CW-RF) or a pulse-modulated wave (PW-RF, 50 Hz pulse frequency, 1/3 duty cycle) pattern. RNA sequencing, RT-qPCR, and Western blot were used to examine the expression of C/EBPβ and its related genes. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used to examine the levels of expression of C/EBPβ-interacting proteins. Our results showed that PW-RF EMR significantly increased the mRNA level of C/EBPβ in oligodendroglia but not in other types of cells. In addition, the expression of three isoforms and several interacting proteins and targeted genes of C/EBPβ were markedly changed after 6-h PW-RF but not CW-RF. Our results indicated that RF EMR regulated the expression and functions of C/EBPβ in a waveform- and cell-type-dependent manner.
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spelling doaj.art-a14ae6dc1cc04ebda3a534feac8cb6b12023-11-18T16:48:35ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-07-0124131113110.3390/ijms241311131Expression and Activity of the Transcription Factor CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein β (C/EBPβ) Is Regulated by Specific Pulse-Modulated Radio Frequencies in Oligodendroglial CellsBing Huang0Weihao Zhao1Xue Cai2Yumin Zhu3Yingxian Lu4Junli Zhao5Nan Xiang6Xiaofei Wang7Hu Deng8Xiaping Tang9Lingyu Liu10Yanyu Zhao11Yigong Shi12Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, ChinaProgram in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USAiMarker Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, ChinaMOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Department of Maternal & Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, ChinaBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology & Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, ChinaiMarker Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, ChinaBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology & Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology & Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, ChinaBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology & Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, ChinaThe rapid growth of wireless electronic devices has raised concerns about the harmful effects of leaked electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on human health. Even though numerous studies have been carried out to explore the biological effects of EMR, no clear conclusions have been drawn about the effect of radio frequency (RF) EMR on oligodendrocytes. To this end, we exposed oligodendroglia and three other types of brain cells to 2.4 GHz EMR for 6 or 48 h at an average input power of 1 W in either a continuous wave (CW-RF) or a pulse-modulated wave (PW-RF, 50 Hz pulse frequency, 1/3 duty cycle) pattern. RNA sequencing, RT-qPCR, and Western blot were used to examine the expression of C/EBPβ and its related genes. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used to examine the levels of expression of C/EBPβ-interacting proteins. Our results showed that PW-RF EMR significantly increased the mRNA level of C/EBPβ in oligodendroglia but not in other types of cells. In addition, the expression of three isoforms and several interacting proteins and targeted genes of C/EBPβ were markedly changed after 6-h PW-RF but not CW-RF. Our results indicated that RF EMR regulated the expression and functions of C/EBPβ in a waveform- and cell-type-dependent manner.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/13/11131radio frequency (RF)2.4 GHzpulse modulatedoligodendrocyteCCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ)
spellingShingle Bing Huang
Weihao Zhao
Xue Cai
Yumin Zhu
Yingxian Lu
Junli Zhao
Nan Xiang
Xiaofei Wang
Hu Deng
Xiaping Tang
Lingyu Liu
Yanyu Zhao
Yigong Shi
Expression and Activity of the Transcription Factor CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein β (C/EBPβ) Is Regulated by Specific Pulse-Modulated Radio Frequencies in Oligodendroglial Cells
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
radio frequency (RF)
2.4 GHz
pulse modulated
oligodendrocyte
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ)
title Expression and Activity of the Transcription Factor CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein β (C/EBPβ) Is Regulated by Specific Pulse-Modulated Radio Frequencies in Oligodendroglial Cells
title_full Expression and Activity of the Transcription Factor CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein β (C/EBPβ) Is Regulated by Specific Pulse-Modulated Radio Frequencies in Oligodendroglial Cells
title_fullStr Expression and Activity of the Transcription Factor CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein β (C/EBPβ) Is Regulated by Specific Pulse-Modulated Radio Frequencies in Oligodendroglial Cells
title_full_unstemmed Expression and Activity of the Transcription Factor CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein β (C/EBPβ) Is Regulated by Specific Pulse-Modulated Radio Frequencies in Oligodendroglial Cells
title_short Expression and Activity of the Transcription Factor CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein β (C/EBPβ) Is Regulated by Specific Pulse-Modulated Radio Frequencies in Oligodendroglial Cells
title_sort expression and activity of the transcription factor ccaat enhancer binding protein β c ebpβ is regulated by specific pulse modulated radio frequencies in oligodendroglial cells
topic radio frequency (RF)
2.4 GHz
pulse modulated
oligodendrocyte
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ)
url https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/13/11131
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